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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Evaluation of effects of two spring applications of micronutrients on the population density of common pistachio psylla (Agonoscena pistaciae) in pistachio orchards

100%
Rouhani M., Samih M. A., Esmaeilizadeh M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2012
|
tom 52
|
nr 3
The common pistachio psylla, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is one of the most detrimental pests to pistachio trees. This pest is distributed throughout all the pistachio producing regions of Iran. Nowadays various pesticides are used to control the common pistachio psylla, but extensive pesticide spraying against this pest over a period of several years has overpowered its natural enemies. Moreover, the overlapping of generations has resulted in an abundant presence of the pest. Many herbivorous insects can make qualitative distinctions between host plants, they can feed and oviposit preferentially on higher quality plants. Cultural methods such as crop fertilization can affect the susceptibility of plants to insect pests by altering a plant tissue's nutrient level. This study tested nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) fertilizers on A. pistaciae in pistachio orchards. The experiment was based on complete randomized blocks with three replications and nine treatments including once-applied Zn, Ca, N, NCa, ZnCa, ZnN, ZnCaN, pesticide (amitraz) and a control (distilled water), on common pistachio psylla fed on 20-year-old pistachio trees of Ahmadaghaei rootstock. The results demonstrated that the effect of nutritional solutions on nymph and egg populations showed a significant difference at a 5% level. The highest measure of control on eggs was related to amitraz, ZnCa and Zn while the least was related to NZn. The results also showed that the highest measure of pest control was related to Ca while the least was related to N and Zn. The results indicated that combinations of the elements mentioned had a stronger reducing effect on the concentration of pistachio psylla nymphs than the effect pesticide had.
2
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Sublethal effects of some synthetic and botanical insecticides on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

100%
Esmaeily S., Samih M. A., Zarabi M., Jafarbeigi F.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2014
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tom 54
|
nr 2
In addition to direct mortality caused by insecticides, some biological traits of insects may also be affected by sublethal insecticide doses. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the sublethal effects of the four synthetic insecticides: abamectin, imidacloprid, diazinon, and pymetrozin as well as the botanical insecticide taken from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract, on eggs of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). The lowest and highest survival rates and oviposition periods were observed in whiteflies treated by diazinon and imidacloprid, respectively. We found significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), and the gross reproductive rate (GRR) among different insecticides. Altogether, our results showed that pymetrozin and C. procera induced the most sublethal effects, thus they may be suitable candidates for use in integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci.
3
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Study of Host Preference and the Comparison of some Biological Characteristcs of Bemisia Tabasi (Genn) on Tomato Varieties

100%
Fekri M. S., Samih M. A., Imani S., Zarabi M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2013
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
The resistance of 8 tomato varieties to cotton white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was evaluated in four greenhouse experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 8 treatments, and 5 replications). In the other experiments, we evaluated the no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, 4 treatments, and 4 replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with four replications. The percentage mortality of immature stages was also determined (randomized blocks with four replications). In the free-choice test, the tomato variety Rio Grande was the most attractive to adults, while the variety Cheffalat had the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, the variety CAL-JN3 presented the lowest number of eggs, while the variety Ergon presented the highest number of eggs. In the no-choice test, the varieties Chef-falat and CAL-JN3 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two varieties non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 26.02 days (Ergon) to 26.66 days (CAL-JN3). The total mortality varied from 20.52 (Ergon) to 33.97 (CAL-JN3). Considering all the characteristics, the variety CAL-JN3 was the most resistant to B. tabaci among all the tomato varieties studied, while variety Ergon was susceptible.
4
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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The effect of some herbal extracts and pesticides on the biological parameters of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) pertaining to tomato grown under controlled conditions

100%
Jafarbeigi F., Samih M. A., Zarabi, Esmaeily S.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2012
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Biotype A: Hem.: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pests in Iran. The development of alternative methods that are not chemical applications, is necessary in pest management for the sake of human health and for the safety of the environment. In this research project, the effect of four herbal compounds Fumaria parviflora Lam. (Fumariaceae), Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae), Calotropis procera (Willd.) R. Br. (Asclepiadaceae), Thymus vulgaris L. (Lamiaceae) on the same biological parameters of cotton whitefly were compared with the insecticides azadirachtin and pymetrozin. The results showed significant differences between herbal compounds and insecticides on: egg longevity (F6, 39 = 2.96, p < 0.05), pupa longevity (F6, 37 = 4.49, p < 0.01) and adult longevity (F6, 31 = 4.47, p < 0.01); egg mortality (F6, 39 = 6.71, p < 0.001), total egg mortality (F6, 39 = 6.71, p < 0.001), sex ratio (female) (F6, 30 = 3.49, p < 0.01), oviposition period (F6,31 = 7.50, p < 0.001) and total fecundity/female (F6, 31 = 8.23, p < 0.001). These results indicated that a fumitory extract and pymetrozin had the best effect on longevity and mortality, respectively. According to the results, the fumitory had a noticeable effect on the different life stages of the sweet potato whitefly.
5
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Effect of some diets on demographic parameters of Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) in vitro

100%
Mortazavi S., Samih M. A., Ghajarieh H., Jafari A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2015
|
tom 55
|
nr 2
The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a cosmopolitan species widely distributed in different habitats worldwide. This moth is a well known pest of many fruits as well as dried fruits in storage. In this study, the biological parameters of the carob moth were studied in a growth chamber under controlled conditions (30±2°C, 65±5% and 16L : 8D). The studied moths were on four diets including pistachio, and pomegranate (both are referred to as the natural diets), and semi-synthetic, and synthetic food. The results demonstrated that survival rate of the carob moth on the two natural diets was higher than the survival rate of the carob moth on the semi-synthetic, and synthetic diets (also referred to as the artificial diets). The highest and lowest amount of life expectancy (ex) were obtained for moths on the pistachio diet (38.82), and the pomegranate diet (29.32), respectively. The highest age-stage specific reproductive value (vxj) was observed for moths on the pistachio diet (181.1). The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were calculated to be highest when the pomegranate diet was used (0.091 and 1.096) and lowest when the synthetic diet was used (0.06) and (1.062). The highest amounts of net reproductive rate and mean fecundity were obtained for moths fed the pistachio diet and the lowest were for moths fed the synthetic diet. Our results also showed that the mean generation times were 48.32, 44.42, 37.19, and 42 days for moths fed synthetic food, pistachio, pomegranate, and semi-synthetic food, respectively. The outcome of this research can be used to effectively select the most useful rearing of carob moths for using them in natural pheromone traps as Integrated Pest Management programs.
6
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
Content available

Study of Host Preference and the Comparison of some Biological Characteristcs of Bemisia Tabasi (Genn) on Tomato Varieties

100%
Fekri M. S., Samih M. A., Imani S., Zarabi M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2013
|
tom 53
|
nr 2
The resistance of 8 tomato varieties to cotton white fly, Bemisia tabaci (Genn) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was evaluated in four greenhouse experiments. In the first experiment, we evaluated the attractiveness and preference for oviposition in a free-choice test (randomized blocks, 8 treatments, and 5 replications). In the other experiments, we evaluated the no-choice preference for oviposition (randomized blocks, 4 treatments, and 4 replications). The whitefly egg-adult cycle was monitored using a statistical design in randomized blocks with four replications. The percentage mortality of immature stages was also determined (randomized blocks with four replications). In the free-choice test, the tomato variety Rio Grande was the most attractive to adults, while the variety Cheffalat had the lowest number of adults. Also in this assay, the variety CAL-JN3 presented the lowest number of eggs, while the variety Ergon presented the highest number of eggs. In the no-choice test, the varieties Chef-falat and CAL-JN3 remained resistant. Consequently, for these two varieties non-preference is the oviposition resistance mechanism. The egg-adult cycle varied from 26.02 days (Ergon) to 26.66 days (CAL-JN3). The total mortality varied from 20.52 (Ergon) to 33.97 (CAL-JN3). Considering all the characteristics, the variety CAL-JN3 was the most resistant to B. tabaci among all the tomato varieties studied, while variety Ergon was susceptible.
7
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Synthesis and entomotoxicity assay of zinc and silica nanoparticles against Sitophilus granarius (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

76%
Rouhani M., Samih M. A., Zarabi M., Beiki K., Gorji M., Aminizadeh M. R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2019
|
tom 59
|
nr 1
The granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.), is one of the most important internal feeders of stored grain. Nanotechnology has become one of the most promising new approaches for pest control in recent years. In our screening program, laboratory trials were conducted to determine the effectiveness of silica nanoparticles (SNPs) and zinc nanoparticles (ZNPs) against the larval stage and adults of S. granarius on stored wheat. Nanoparticles of silica and zinc were synthesized through a solvothermal method. They were then used to prepare insecticidal solutions of different concentrations and tested on S. granarius. Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were found to be highly effective against S. granarius causing 100% mortality after 2 weeks. ZNPs were moderately effective against this pest.
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