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Biological collections in 72 depositories of South Korea were surveyed. The number of specimens attained 5 144 409 in total, consisting of 4 103 000 animals, 1 034 825 plants and 6 584 fossils. The average numbers of specimens and species for each collection were 71 450 and 1 130 respectively. The most frequent were in the class range of 10 000-50 000 specimens and 0-100 species each. Twenty one of 45 depositories answered that 80% of their collections are well managed. As regards documentation, only 24% of the collections were electronically databased. The number of species represented by type specimens in the collections and taxonomic experts turned out to be 577 and 207 each. Considering the deplorable situation of the collection status, it is strongly suggested that immediate actions for capacity building by networking databases of the collections, man-power training and setting up of the National Museum of Natural History are urgently needed to provide resource base for biodiversity assessment as well as to respond properly to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
To identify potential candidates for acquiring stress tolerance, a new annealing control primer (ACP) system was used to identify the differentially expressed genes. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seedlings were exposed to various abiotic stresses such as cold (4°C for 6 h), heat (42°C for 6 h), salt (300 mM for 6 h), drought (withdrawing irrigation for 48 h), copper (500 µM for 6 h), cadmium (500 µM for 6 h), and arsenic (500 µM for 6 h). Primer sets 41 and 93 were differentially expressed and identified as same sequence, which represents a mitochondrial small heat-shock protein encoding gene, MsHsp23. This band was markedly increased or induced in alfalfa under heat, salt, and arsenic stresses. Differential expression of MsHsp23 was further evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Temporal expression analysis showed that mRNA pool was altered as early as 1 h of treatment. Thus, differential accumulation of MsHsp23 under heat, salt, and arsenic stresses suggests its potential involvement in diverse abiotic stress tolerance, and thereby making a target for further molecular analysis.
Many attempts have been made in animals to produce cellular regeneration in the spinal cord using a variety of transplanted cell types. The present study was to investigate whether transplantation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) into the spinal cord after contusion injury promotes a functional outcome. Spinal cord injury (SCI) was induced using an NYU impactor and hMSCs were transplanted 1 week after SCI. Behavioral testing was performed weekly for 2 months. Somatosensory (SSEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded to determine functional recovery. Hindlimb performance was modestly improved in the transplanted group based on BBB scaling and pain tests. SSEP latencies in the transplanted group were significantly shorter than in the media-treated group. Pathologically, LacZ and hTau positive cells were located at the injury and adjacent sites. The data indicate improvement in functional outcome in animals treated with hMSC transplantation compared to media-treated animals.
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