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Oceniono wiedzę rodziców dzieci objętych opieką Poradni Gastroenterologicznej na temat probiotyków oraz ustalono powody ich stosowania u tej grupy dzieci. Badania przeprowadzono metodą ankietową.
Background. Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammation of the skin recognised to be one of the first clinical signs of allergy. In the first years of life, epidemiological evidence has demonstrated that common causative foods of a child’s diet are: cow’s milk, hen’s eggs, wheat and soya. Children with AD being treated with elimination diets are at risk of nutritional deficiencies that include those nutrients required for ensuring proper skin structure and function. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess dietary intake of nutrients which affect skin condition in children with AD being treated with a milk-free diet. Materials and Methods. Subjects were 25 children aged 4-6 years with AD undergoing the milk exclusion diet and 25 age-matched healthy controls. The energy and nutritional value of diets were evaluated that included those components affecting skin condition; ie. vitamins A, D, E, B2 and C; minerals iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn); polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The Dieta 5.0 programme was used for dietary assessment and outcomes were then related to dietary recommendations. Results. There were no significant differences between groups in mean energy values and mean intakes of protein, fats and carbohydrates (p>0.05). The percentage of subjects with low energy value were 44% and 36% in respectively Groups I and II. Deficiencies of fat intake were observed in 60% in Group I and 44% in Group II. There were however no risks in the dietary intakes of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins A, B2 and C nor of Fe and Zn. Deficiencies of dietary intakes were observed in respectively Groups I and II in the following; vitamin E (24% vs 64%), vitamin D (36% vs 92%), linoleic acid (36% vs 72%), α-linolenic acid (36% vs 40%) and long chain PUFAs (96% in both groups). Conclusions. Ensuring recommended dietary supply of those nutrients affecting skin condition is required for both groups of children. Children with AD had better balanced diets in respect of the studied nutrients that may reflect the influence of continuous healthcare received from physicians and dieticians.
Background. Proper vitamin D intake is important due to its pleiotropic effect. It seems that obese population is a groups at risk of the vitamin D deficiency. Objective. To assess the vitamin D status in 1-5-year-old children with simple obesity. Material and Methods. The study included 100 children: classified according to their body mass index (BMI) as obese – Group I (n=50) and non-obese – Group II (n=50). Their serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were determined in the spring-summer and autumn-winter seasons and vitamin D intake (diet/supplements) was assessed. The study results were statistically analysed by means of Statistica 10PL. Results. In Group I the mean serum 25(OH)D level was 23.6±10.8 ng/ml, while in Group II it reached 26.6±9.8 ng/ml (p=0.08). The concentration ≤30 ng/ml was observed in 80% of children in Group I and in 70% of Group II. In autumnwinter and spring-summer period, respectively, 88.5% and 70.9% of the obese children had an insufficient vitamin D status (p=0.002). The mean daily intake of vitamin D was 128 IU (3.2 μg) in Group I and 188 IU (4.7 μg) in Group II. Conclusions. Children aged 1-5 (obese and non-obese) are a group at risk of the vitamin D deficiency, as a consequence of its insufficient intake and the lack of appropriate supplementation. Those particularly exposed to that risk are obese children in the autumn-winter season. Children aged 1-5 should be monitored with regard to their vitamin D status.
Background. Obese children are predisposed to vitamin D deficiency. Most of the findings suggest that requirement for vitamin D is increased in obese children due to this vitamin sequestration in adipose tissue. Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary intake of vitamin D in children with simple obesity in relation to nutritional standards. Materials and Methods. The study included 73 children aged 1-3 years: 38 with simple obesity (group I) and 35 non-obese ones (group II - control). The inclusion criterion for the obese group was BMI z-score > +2.0, for the control group BMI z-score between -1.0 and +1.0.The intake of vitamin D was estimated using the Dieta 5.0 software on the basis of 3-days dietary record. Outcomes were related to nutritional standards. Differences in intake of energy and nutrients between both groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney test (statistical significance was set at p = 0.05). Results. Vitamin D intake in both groups was below the nutritional standards (10 μg/400 IU). Median values / interquartile ranges of results were 2.0 / 1.3-5.9 μg and 4.0 / 1.1-7.6 μg daily, for obese and non-obese children, respectively. The risk of deficient vitamin D intake was observed in 94.7% of obese children and in 82.4% of control group. The main dietary source of vitamin D in both groups was growing-up milk/Junior formula. The median intake of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrates in the obese children were significantly higher than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. In obese children aged 1-3 years adequate dietary intake of vitamin D was not achieved. Similarly, the intake of vitamin D by normal weight children was lower than recommended. Consequently, it is necessary to provide products rich in vitamin D in the diet of toddlers, particularly obese.
Celem pracy była ocena wartości odżywczej diet, w tym spożycia witamin i składników mineralnych, u dzieci z otyłością prostą przed i po interwencji żywieniowej. Badaniami objęto 50 dzieci z otyłością prostą, pacjentów Poradni Gastroenterologicznej Instytutu Matki i Dziecka. Analiza całodziennych racji pokarmowych, po interwencji żywieniowej (dieta ubogoenergetyczna, czas trwania obserwacji - 12 tygodni), wykazała obniżenie spożycia produktów bogatotłuszczowych i zawierających sacharozę oraz niedobór spożycia warzyw. Z uwagi na okres przedpokwitaniowy badanych dzieci wskazane jest monitorowanie wartości odżywczej diet pod kątem zawartych w nich witamin i składników mineralnych.
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