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"Local food - nutraceuticals": An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge

100%

Heinrich M., Leonti M., Nebel S., Peschel W.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

5-22

Currently, dietary patterns change rapidly all over the world. Most notably, there is a fast increase in the convenience food market. Here we discuss the overall theoretical framework and strategy of an EU-funded project on local food, a common resource in many parts of the Mediterranean. Such food is often only available seasonally and is consumed either fresh (e.g. spring salads and vegetables, fruits in autumn) or in a conserved form (dried, fermented, pickled). There is an urgent need to document and analyse such local resources, which are today at the brink of disappearance. In this project, selected species were studied using a multidisciplinary approach, including strategies and methods from pharmacology, nutritional sciences and anthropology (i.e. ethnopharmacological or ethnonutritional ones). For example, all extracts were profiled using HPLC-MS, by determining their polyphenol content and using a variety of in vitro anti-oxidant assays (incl. guaiacol oxidation, xanthine oxidase inhibition, HOCl scavenging, eNOS activity). Such research also points to ways for ascertaining the intergenerational transmission of the knowledge and for sustainable development and management. Examples from field studies in southern Italy and from pharmacological studies using a variety of targets are used to illustrate the potential of such neglected resources. The wider implications of such an approach, for example, for the study of similar traditions in Central and Eastern Europe are also discussed.

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The ethnobotanical study of local Mediterranean food plants as medicinal resources in Southern Spain

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Rivera D., Obon C., Inocencio C., Heinrich M., Verde A., Fajardo J., Llorach R.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

97-114

We studied medicinal and food plant species, recording an extraordinary number of species and uses in Castilla-La Mancha, Murcia and Valencia in Spain. Focusing on two demographically distinct regions - Castilla-La Mancha and Lower Segura Valley. A high proportion of the flora (20 to 30 %) is known for its medicinal properties, and, interestingly, a high number of medicinal-food plants (5 to 7 %) is recorded. The concept of "Local Food" involves the whole repertory of species that characterises the local diet (incl. local cultivars and non-cultivated gathered food plants). The number of food plant species varies between 15 and 25 % of the vascular flora, and for the gathered food plants (GFP) this decreases to a 3 to 8 %. Those GFP that are also used for medicinal purposes are only 2 to 4 % of the total vascular flora. The relevant plant families are very similar in relative numbers along the different areas: Compositae, Rosaceae and Umbelliferae, followed of Boraginaceae, Liliaceae, Cruciferae, and Caryophyllaceae. Chenopodiaceae, Polygonaceae and Gramineae are less unifomly represented or in lesser numbers. The high species diversity does not imply a general dietary relevance of this particular plant family. For instance Caryophyllaceae with a relatively low number of species comprises the "collejas" (Silene vulgaris) that have shown to be the more widely consumed species. Information regarding 145 species has been recorded. Among the Gathered Food Plant Species 81 are used in medicine, in double proportion than the cultivated food plants. 61 are orally administered, in the same form as food.

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Anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from some traditional Mediterranean diet plants

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Strzelecka M., Bzowska M., Koziel J., Szuba B., Dubiel O., Rivera Nunez D., Heinrich M., Bereta J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

139-156

It is believed that bioactive compounds from plant foods may have health beneficial effects and reduce the risk of chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study extracts of 121 plants typical for the traditional Mediterranean diet have been screened for their potential anti-inflammatory activities. The ability of the extracts to inhibit cytokinestimulated, iNOS-dependent synthesis of nitric oxide in murine endothelial cells, without affecting cell viability, was the primary indicator of their anti-inflammatory properties. Based on these experiments we selected eight plant extracts for further analysis: Chrysanthemum coronarium L., Scandix pecten-veneris L., Urospermum picroides (L.) Scop. Ex F. W. Smith, Amaranthus cf. graecizans L., Onopordum macracanthum Schousboe, Eryngium campestre L., Artemisia alba Turra and Merendera pyrenaica (Pourret) Fourn. Only the effects of Onopordum macracanthum could be non-specific since the extract strongly inhibited total protein synthesis. All remaining 7 extracts decreased nitric oxide and TNFa synthesis in the cells of monocyte origin activated with LPS, and 4 of them significantly reduced surface expression of VCAM1 on TNFa-stimulated endothelial cells. All seven plant extracts decreased cytokine or LPS-stimulated iNOS mRNA levels in both cell types. Further research to identify bioactive compounds influencing intracellular signaling pathways activated by cytokines and LPS will consequently be needed in order to better understand these in vitro effects.

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Effect of plant extracts on angiogenic activities of endothelial cells and keratinocytes

64%

Loboda A., Cisowski J., Zarebski A., Jazwa A., Rivera Nunez D., Kypriotakis Z., Heinrich M., Dulak J.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

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2005

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tom 56

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nr 1

125-137

Numerous bioactive chemical compounds of plant origin may influence the angiogenic activity of various cell types and may thus affect the formation of blood vessels. Here we present the angiogenic effects of extracts of edible plants collected in Crete, Southern Italy and Southern Spain. Extracts have been applied to cultured human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1), human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human keratinocytes (HaCaT). About half out of 96 extracts exerted an inhibitory effect on HMEC-1 proliferation. Additionally, we have noted the inhibitory effects of extracts on HUVEC differentiation on a Matrigel layer. None of the extracts showed a stimulatory activity. The extract of Thymus piperella exerted moderate inhibitory effect on cobalt-chloride induced VEGF synthesis, however, CoCl2-induced activation of hypoxia responsive element of VEGF promoter was significantly attenuated only by extract of Origanum heracleoticum. Our study indicates that extracts of local food plants, of potential value as nutraceuticals, contain chemical compounds which may inhibit angiogenesis. Demonstration of their real influence on human health requires, however, extensive animal studies and controlled clinical investigations.

Ograniczanie wyników

4 Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

4 Heinrich M.

2 Rivera Nunez D.

1 Bereta J.

1 Bzowska M.

1 Cisowski J.

1 Dubiel O.

1 Dulak J.

1 Fajardo J.

1 Inocencio C.

1 Jazwa A.

1 Koziel J.

1 Kypriotakis Z.

1 Leonti M.

1 Llorach R.

1 Loboda A.

1 Nebel S.

1 Obon C.

1 Peschel W.

1 Rivera D.

1 Strzelecka M.

1 Szuba B.

1 Verde A.

1 Zarebski A.

4 2005

"Local food - nutraceuticals": An example of a multidisciplinary research project on local knowledge

The ethnobotanical study of local Mediterranean food plants as medicinal resources in Southern Spain

Anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from some traditional Mediterranean diet plants

Effect of plant extracts on angiogenic activities of endothelial cells and keratinocytes