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The objective of the study was to determine the relationships between the yields of basic crop plants and the changes in some meteorological elements. The report, which covers the results of five years of experiments, presents the coefficients of correlation and regression, as well as diagrams of the yield versus a given meteorological element. It was found that the mean yearly air temperature had an effect on the yield of such cereals as winter and spring wheat, and that the sum of temperatures and the length of the vegetation period affected the yield of potatoes. No effect of precipitation on the yield of the plants under study was observed.
During the period of 1981-1985 measurements of vertical movements of soil were carried out at the Agrometeorological Observatory at Felin, Lublin. During the cool half-year from November through April, the authors analyzed maximum diurnal movements in a decade, decade amplitudes, and the number of days with vertical movements in a decade. Also assessed was the extent of wintering of rye and wheat, vertical movements of soil being considered as one of the reasons for losses of these cereals. Vertical movements of the soil occurred most frequently at soil surface, at the end of winter/beginning of spring. The magnitude and frequency of the movements decreased with increasing depth into the soil profile. Losses in winter cereals cultures varied from several to twenty odd percent, depending on the year, with somewhat higher losses observed in rye plots.
The experiment studied the effect of various mulching terms of ‘Foxtrot’ tulips with wheat straw in combination with spraying of plantations with herbicides using various doses and different amounts of working liquid. The mulch was laid out just after planting and after the soil had frozen. The experiment included combinations, in which the mulch was left until the end of the growing season or removed in spring. Spraying with single (linuron 675 g·ha–1 + lenacyl 1000 g·ha–1) or double herbicide dose (linuron 1350 g·ha–1 + lenacyl 2000 g·ha–1) was made before covering the soil with mulch and also on mulch – two weeks after planting the bulbs, or in the spring after thawing the soil. Volumes of 300 dm3 and 600 dm3 of working liquid were used for spraying. Tulips covered with mulch bloomed 2–3 days later and formed longer shoots as compared to non-mulched ones. The highest yield of marketable bulbs and the first-selection ones was obtained from tulips mulched immediately after planting and sprayed 2 weeks later with herbicides used in a single dose of 600 dm3 of a working liquid. Mulching of tulips after soil freezing and removal of mulch in spring adversely affects the number and weight of commercial bulbs. The lowest yield was obtained in combinations, in which the mulch was not used. The use of additional nitrogen fertilization before laying out the mulch did not affect the yield of tulips. Herbicides can be used both before mulching and after covering the plantation with mulch. It is not necessary to increase the dose of the agent and the amount of water.
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