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The water hyacinth, Eichhorrnia crassipes, has been widely recognized as the worst aquatic weed the world over and of increasing importance in Africa, Ethiopia inclusive. The aim of the research was to highlight the devastating impact of the water hyacinth on aquatic life and human activities on Aba Samuel Dam and to underline prospects of its beneficial use. Delphi technique and on-site observations were used. Eutrophication was found to be the main cause of the proliferation of the plant. However, a majority of its potential uses were identified. The absence of a distinct Ministry of Environment is retarding the efforts in fighting causes of water hyacinth spreading. Community awareness has also been identified as a vital component in eradication of water hyacinth. This research is of significant relevance to environmentalists and ecohydrologists in formulating appropriate strategies and policies for hampering proliferation of the weed.
The rapid population growth of Addis Ababa poses the city with many environmental challenges. The current fragmented approach to sanitation and poor waste management has brought serious environmental and health problems. The study deployed purposive and stratified cluster sampling techniques in diagnosing the institutional arrangements for waste management through personal interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholder agencies and households in the slum and residential areas of the city. The threats to groundwater and riverine systems were most proliferated in the central, most densely populated areas of the city, that are poorly served with sanitary facilities. The study concluded that possible improvements may include legitimization of the informal system, community participation and possibly partial privatization. Such an integrated approach seems to be the best option and could well hold the key to the effective and sustainable waste management system in rapidly growing cities such as Addis Ababa.
The significance of solid waste management in ecohydrology research is obvious given the potential threat that solid waste poses on the intrinsic services of water purification, particularly in areas of high temperatures and precipitation levels. Improper waste disposal systems have adverse repercussions on environmental sanitation and impede water quality management efforts. The potential risk to water and soil pollution is surmountable in the areas where waste collection and disposal efforts are constrained. We used a GIS based meso-scale approach to identify solid waste ecological hot spots. Results indicate that solid waste hot spots are characterised by poor solid waste management, high temperatures, and high rainfall and are likely to compromise the ecohydrological processes of both surface and underground water systems. The most affected river basins are found in south and north-western parts of Ethiopia. Climate change is likely to worsen the situation in the areas where precipitation and temperature levels are expected to rise. We recommend that ecohydrologists prioritize such areas for improved water resource management.
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