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1

Ambient air quality evaluation: a comparative study in China and Pakistan

100%
Niaz Y., Zhou J., Iqbal M., Nasir A., Dong B.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2015
|
tom 24
|
nr 4
Vehicle and industrial emissions are responsible for a considerable share of urban air pollution concentrations. We conducted a comparative study in Dalian, China and Faisalabad, Pakistan to reevaluate NO₂, SO₂, and CO concentrations. Our study was conducted over the course of one year at different stations in both cities, and measured values were compared with ambient air quality standards such as NEQS-Pakistan, NAAQSUSEPA, CNAAQS-China, and global standard WHO. The NO₂ concentrations in Faisalabad varied from 185- 262 μg/m³ , whereas it was in the range of 44-133 μg/m³ in Dalian. The SO₂ concentration was found in the range of 66-190 μg/m³ and 56-128 μg/m³ , while CO varied from 5.4-22.3 mg/m³ and 0.3-2.8 mg/m³ , respectively, in Faisalabad and Dalian. The annual average NO₂, SO₂, and CO concentrations were below the permissible limits in Dalian; however, the measured values were considerably higher in Faisalabad. Our results are the first to compare air quality of two countries at different stations and highlight the possibility of reducing air pollution by comparing conditions.
2

Performance evaluation of trickling filter-based wastewater treatment system utilizing cotton sticks as filter media

72%
Ahson Aslam M. M., Khan Z. M., Sultan M., Niaz Y., Mahmood M. A., Shoaib M., Shakoor A., Ahmad M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 5
The need of wastewater (WW) treatment is increasing along with the production of WW and its disposal without treatment. With a smaller footprint, ease of operation, and relatively less cost, trickling filter (TF) wastewater treatment systems have been considered to be more adoptable for domestic and industrial WW treatment in underdeveloped and/or developing countries – particularly for Asia and Africa. A relatively low-cost and operationally effective TF wastewater treatment system was developed using farm waste cotton sticks as biofilm support media. During the operation of the TF system, flow rates vary from 1.7 to 4.6 m³/hr. The attained removal efficiency for BOD (biological oxygen demand) was 69-78% and for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 65-80%. The solids removal in TF system was 38-56% for total suspended solids (TSS) and 20-36% for total dissolved solids (TDS). Other aggregates such as turbidity and color removal were 32-54% and 25-42%, respectively. Four to five months of trouble-free operation of the developed TF system indicated the robustness and reliability of the system. Cotton sticks appeared to be a degradation-resistant alternative filter media for the TF system. Moreover, it is useful for reducing potential impacts of WW re-use at the farm level. Treated effluents through the TF system can be re-used as an irrigation water supplement in under-developed and/or developing countries.
3

Identification and elucidation of the designing and operational issues of trickling filter systems for wastewater treatment

72%
Ali I., Khan Z. M., Peng C., Naz I., Sultan M., Ali M., Mahmood M. H., Niaz Y.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 6
Water pollution has become a major environmental concern for public and environmental health in developing countries. Water resources are being contaminated mainly due to mixing of domestic, municipal, and industrial wastewaters. The wastewater management and treatment situation is deplorable mainly because of financial constraints, the unavailability of technically trained human resources, and electricity shortages. Moreover, there is a challenge for the scientific community and wastewater management experts to explore cost-effective, simple, reliable, and efficient wastewater treatment systems. Therefore, the present review highlights the option of trickling filter (TF) systems for wastewater treatment in developing countries like Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and African regions, etc. In addition, the solutions to the operational/performance issues of the TF system are explored and discussed in greater detail for designing/construction of new TF systems and retrofitting the existing TFs.
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