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Variation in urogenital vessels is of interest to clinicians as well as anatomists since it has complex steps of urogenital development. We found 2 right and 3 left renal arteries, double right renal veins, the right testicular artery arisen from the right main renal artery, and the right testicular vein as a tributary of an additional right renal vein in a 57-year-old Korean male cadaver, whose cause of death was ‘unknown’. The multiple vascular variations near the renal hilum are detectable in seemingly normal individuals and a deeper understanding of the complicated urogenital vasculature might be very important with its embryogenesis. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 3: 399–401)
Although anatomical variations in the upper limb are frequent, coexistence of multiple combined variations is rare. During a routine educational dissection at Jeju National University Medical School, three muscular variations were found in a 75-year-old Korean male cadaver, in which a supraclavicular cephalic vein was also found in ipsilateral upper extremity during skinning. Here we describe characteristics of the pectoralis quartus muscle, the supernumerary head of biceps brachii muscle and an accessory head of flexor digitorum profundus muscle, and discuss their coexistence from morphological and embryological points of view. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 204–207)
Although the cephalic vein follows a fairly consistent course, numerous variants have been reported. We found a rare anatomical presentation of the cephalic vein in a 43-year-old Korean male cadaver. The cephalic vein had anastomosed with the basilic vein and brachial vein at the level of the elbow, perforated the pectoralis major muscle between the clavicular and sternal heads, and then entered into one of the double axillary veins. Knowledge of the variations on the cephalic vein is important for clinicians as well as anatomists since the approach through the axillary base is favoured in many invasive procedures. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 268–270)
During the routine dissection course, we found a rare variation of the incomplete coeliac trunk in an 87-year-old Korean male cadaver. The left gastric artery, the splenic artery and the hepatomesenteric trunk arose independently from the abdominal aorta. The detailed branching pattern of this case could not be classified by classic classification systems, but belongs to type III’ of Morita’s classification. The accurate embryological knowledge on the arterial variations is important both to anatomists and to clinicians. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 1: 122–124)
The jugulocephalic anastomosis is a rare anatomical variant which normally undergoes atrophy during embryonic development. We found 2 cases of the jugulocephalic vein variant with supraclavicular course in Korean male cadavers. In a 50-year-old cadaver, the right cephalic vein ascended anterior to the clavicle, and terminated into the external jugular vein as well as to the axillary vein through a classic branch. In a 76-year-old cadaver, the left cephalic vein ascended supraclavicular course without any branch to the axillary vein, and terminated to the external jugular vein. We discussed the embryological explanation as well as its frequency since this jugulocephalic vein variant could cause unpredicted danger during clinical procedures. (Folia Morphol 2020; 79, 2: 407–410)
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