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Selenium cocentration in human urine

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Wąsowicz, W: Selenium concentration in human urine. Acta physiol, pol., 1989, 40 (5-6): 558-563. In this work we have determined selenium concentration in urine in two groups of healthy subjects. Selenium content in the younger group, aged 11-15 years (n = 41), was 13.7 ± 6.5 µɡ/ɡ⁻¹ creatinine. In the older group, aged 17-97 years (n = 62), slighty but statistically significant lower selenium concentration in urine (11.4 ± 4.9 µɡ/ɡ Ct, p<0.05) was found. We have also shown a significant difference in the excretion of the element between the group of boys and men (p < 0.05). Concentration of selenium excreted in urine in tiie population of healthy people (11-97 years, n = 103) is 12.3 ± 5.4 µɡ Se/ɡ Ct.
Przypuszcza się, że około 30% przypadków nowotworów, niezależnie od ich lokalizacji wiązać można ze sposobem odżywiania. Pomimo, że witaminy i mikroelementy nie dostarczają organizmowi energii, są one niezbędne do prawidłowego funkcjonowania komórek i tkanek. Uważa się, że dieta oparta w znacznej mierze na produktach roślinnych, bogata w naturalne antyoksydanty, w istotny sposób zmniejsza ryzyko rozwoju wielu chorób, w tym ryzyko rozwoju choroby nowotworowej. Istnieją dobrze udokumentowane badania, w których stwierdzono, że dieta bogata w warzywa i owoce obniża zachorowalność na niektóre rodzaje nowotworów. W pracy omówiono rolę antyoksydantów roślinnych i niektórych pierwiastków śladowych w patogenezie choroby nowotworowej.
Study Objective: The aim of this study was to test a panel of 6 reference genes in order to identify and validate the most suitable reference genes for expression studies in paired healthy and non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Method: Quantitative real-time PCR followed by the NormFinder- and geNorm-based analysis was employed. The study involved 21 non-small cell lung cancer patients. Results: The analysis of experimental data revealed HPRT1 as the most stable gene followed by RPLP0 and ESD. In contrast, GAPDH was found to be the least stable gene. HPRT1 together with ESD was revealed as the pair of genes introducing the least systematic error into data normalization. Validation by bootstrap random sampling technique and by normalizing exemplary gene expression data confirmed the results. Conclusion: Although HPRT1 and ESD may by recommended for data normalization in gene expression studies on non-small cell lung cancer, the suitability of selected reference genes must be unconditionally validated prior to each study.
The objective of our study was to estimate metabolites of pseudocumene in the lung, liver, kidney and urine of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure. Male Wistar rats were exposed to pseudocumene vapors at nominal concentrations of 25, 100 or 250 ppm in the dynamic inhalation chambers for 6 h or 4 weeks (6h/day; 5 days/week). Following exposure, three metabolites were measured in biologic material after hydrolysis: 3,4-dimethylbenzoic acid (3,4- DMBA), 2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid (2,4-DMBA) and 2,5-dimethylbenzoic acid (2,5-DMBA). The metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The study showed no significant increase in concentrations of the analyzed DMBA metabolites in the liver and lungs of rats exposed to repeated inhalation exposures to pseudocumene as compared to a single exposure. It was found that metabolic transformation of pseudocumene, leading to the production of 3,4- DMBA in the rats kidneys, are more pronounced after repeated inhalation exposure.
The aim of the study was to adapt the method for the determination of vitamins E, A, and β-carotene and to assay them quantitatively in plasma of municipal transport drivers. The study embraced 147 municipal transport male drivers, aged 23–58 years. The Waters 2695 integrated analytical system of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), equipped with a UV-VIS detector was used to determine the studied compounds. Our analysis of the quantitative data by age and seniority did not show significant differences in the concentrations of the analyzed compounds between the study groups, except for the concentration of β-carotene, which was significantly lower in drivers aged over 46 years with the longest employment (over 16 years) compared to the younger groups.
The aim of our study was to explore the tissue distribution of 3,5-dimethylbenzene acid (3,5-DMBA) and its excretion with urine of rats and to evaluate toxicokinetics of mesitylene in blood of rats after single and repeated inhalation exposure to mesitylene vapours. Experiments were performed on male outbred IMP:WIST rats. The animals were exposed to mesitylene vapours at the target concentration of 25, 100, and 250 ppm in dynamic inhalation chambers for 6 h at single exposure and for 4 weeks (6 h/day for 5day/week) at repeated exposure. The study revealed in rats, after inhalation exposure to mesitylene, exposure-dependent increases in 3,5-DMBA tissue concentration and urinary excretion as well as enhanced mesitylene concentration in tissues and blood. After termination of exposure, mesitylene was rapidly eliminated from blood of rats. Mesitylene retention reduced in rat lungs after repeated exposure, as compared to a single exposure, was most likely the reason for its lower concentration in lungs and blood. Compared with single exposure, 3,5-DMBA concentration increased in rat lungs after repeated inhalation exposure to mesitylene at 100 and 250 ppm, and in the liver at 250 ppm, which may be associated with the induction of mesitylene-metabolizing enzymes. Mesitylene metabolism in the lungs of the rats after repeated exposure to its low concentrations probably had a significant impact on the increased urinary excretion of 3,5-DMBA.
Ethanol metabolites may directly or indirectly induce oxidative stress as a result of disturbed balance between pro- and antioxidative processes. An indirect effect of ethanol on the generation of oxidative stress is associated with the attenuation of intracellular defensive enzymatic antioxidants, e.g. gluthatione peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase as well as water- and/or fat-soluble low-molecular antioxidants (e.g., vitamin C, vitamin E, glutathione, selenium). The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of 48h preincubation of mouse embryo fibroblast-like cells (3T3-L1) with vitamin C (VC, 0.06 mM) and glutathione (GSH, 0.05 mM) on their viability after exposure for 4, 8, and 24 h to ethanol (0.3 mM). Additionally, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH- Px) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) enzymes as well as the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were assessed in the exposed cells. In our study, vitamin C and glutathione had no significant effect on cytotoxicity of ethanol. We observed differences in GSH-Px and TrxR activity depending on the duration of exposure to ethanol. The highest GSH-Px activity in cell lysates was measured after 8 and 24h of incubation with ethanol and both antioxidants, or ethanol alone. The highest TrxR activity was observed after 4h of incubation in the presence of ethanol or GSH. There were no effects of VC and GSH on the activity of the antioxidant enzymes in comparison to cells not supplemented with VC and GSH. Similarly, we were unable to show any significant differences in levels of TBARS except incubation for 24h, when concentration of TBARS was highest in cells exposed to ethanol and simultaneously supplemented with the antioxidants.
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