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Changes in selected FAs level as influenced by inclusion of fresh lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) into a feeding ration were assesed in Czech Fleckvieh (dual purpose) and Holstein cows. Each of the balanced groups of 12 cows in mid-lactation was fed with a ration containing 12.7 kg (11.7% of dry matter) of fresh lucerne and then with a ration with preserved forage (maize and grass silages) only. Total content of nutritionally desirable C18 acids was 34.1 and 30.5% of total fatty acids in Czech Fleckvieh and Holstein cows, respectively (P=0.0693). The response of the breeds on the change in feeding differed. The changes in fatty acid composition in the Czech Fleckvieh cows were less extensive in stearic and oleic acids, while more extensive in essential linoleic and linolenic acids than those in the Holstein cows. Addition of lucerne into ration in both breeds has caused greatest changes in polyunsaturated fatty acids (P<0.01), particularly alpha-linolenic acid (P<0.001).
Cryptosporidium is an opportunistic protozoan parasite that can cause severe diarrhoea in immunocompromised patients. The transmission of this pathogen in humans and animals is not fully understood. C. meleagridis, originally described in birds, is the only Cryptosporidium species known to naturally infect mammalian and avian species. This study documents the first detection of C. meleagridis in an HIV-infected woman in Poland.
Microsporidia are emerging pathogens which cause an opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients, especially those with AIDS. Intestinal microsporidiosis is the most recognized infection, whereas urinary tract infections caused by microsporidia are rarely paid attention to either due to their subclinical course or diagnostic difficulties. In this report dual microsporidial infection of urinary tract, caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon cuniculi was described in HIV/AIDS patients under cART therapy. Since microsporidiosis can cause severe complications or even death in immunosuppressed patients, our results suggest that microsporidial infection should be included in routine investigation of HIV-positive patients, even asymptomatic.
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