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Two methods used for serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes were compared: 1) in-house method, which is used routinely in the National Reference Laboratory (NRL), Dolný Kubín, (Slovakia) and 2) the method recommended by the European Union Reference Laboratory (EURL) in Paris. Thirty strains of L. monocytogenes used for serotyping were isolated from various food categories and swabs in both the EURL (10 isolates) and in the NRL (20 isolates). They showed the following serological profiles: 18 of them (60%) belonged to serogroup 1/2; seven strains (23%) belonged to serogroup 4, and five isolates (17%) were identified as serogroup 3. The most frequent L. monocytogenes serotypes in food were l/2a and 3a, whereas in swabs serogroup 4 was predominant. No differences in the detection of somatic O antigens were noticed among L. monocytogenes isolates between two methods of serotyping. In three isolates, however, some differences were found in the presence of flagellar H antigens, which were confirmed by the in-house method but were not revealed by the EURL method. In one isolate, the presence of flagellar HD antigen was not recovered by any of two serotyping methods tested. Based on the results of this study, the in-house method is more accurate, less laborious, and more convenient for routine diagnosis than the EURL method.
The present study investigated the effectiveness of three different disinfectants: preparation H1 (two-component preparation based on hydrogen peroxide); Pedox (multi-component preparation based on peroxyacetic acid) and Savo hypochlorite preparation) against Malassezia pachydermatis. The antifungal activity of disinfectants was tested by quantitative suspension method according to STN EN 1650. The results confirmed 100% effectiveness of these disinfectants at all concentrations and exposure times tested.
The aim of this study was to use the natural pigment produced by Monascus purpureus as a substitute for nitrites in the production of meat products. Two different concentrations of a Monascus purpureus extract (0.5 g.kg⁻¹ and 0.75 g.kg⁻¹) were tested and compared with the control sample (C) containing a nitrite salting mixture without any addition of Monascus purpureus extract. Based upon the results, poultry ham prepared with half the quantity of nitrite salting mixture and 0.5 g.kg⁻¹ of Monascus purpureus extract showed the most desirable colour, flavour and appearance, the best microbiological parameters and the most suitable salt content.
The composition of mycoflora in storage rooms, and other rooms in a poultry-processing plant, as well as on the surfaces of egg shells was observed. The concentrations of both aflatoxin B₁ and ochratoxin A were determined in the shell eggs at room temperature and humidity, at a higher temperature and humidity, and in the eggs previously contaminated by Aspergillus flavus. We found that there was a reciprocal correlation between the presence of microscopic filamentous fungi in the air and on the working tables (Cladosporium spp. 45.5%, Penicillium spp. 36.4%, Mucor spp. 9.0%). The penetration of mycotoxins through the egg shell was relatively low and the residue limit of aflatoxin B₁ allowed (5 μg.kg⁻¹) was not exceeded in any sample of egg tested. However, the residue limit of ochratoxin A (20 μg.kg⁻¹) was exceeded in one case.
During the period of 2004-2006, 955 samples of food and clinical material were collected from the Slovak Republic and Belgium. Of the total number of 216 food samples originating from the Slovakia territory, the authors obtained 5 isolates (2.31%) of Escherichia coli O157. Three E. coli O157 (2.30%) isolates were obtained during the examination of 130 samples of slaughter animals from the Belgium territory. In Slovakia no occurrence of E. coli O157 was proved in any sample of clinical material or environment (altogether 36 samples). On the contrary, of 573 clinical and environmental samples from Belgium the presence of the respective pathogen was proved in 50 cases (8.73%). The authors studied some attributes of the recovered E. coli O157, confirmed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results indicate that the isolates are capable of surviving for 15 min at 70°C. The acidic environment, which is characteristic for fermentation of cheese (pH 4-4.5), had no devitalisation effect. The E. coli food isolates survived in a wide range of pH (2-11) while with clinical isolates the pH range of survival was from 2.5 to 10.5. The addition of NaCl in concentrations ordinarily used in food industry (3-6%) failed to inhibit the growth of pathogens.
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