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The aim of our study was to assess the incidence of respiratory system disorders among residents in the neighborhood of a wastewater treatment plant compared to the population living outside the impact area. We conducted a questionnaire survey on two populations: one from the vicinity of the wastewater treatment plant (586 people) and another from a village located far away from the plant (502 people). Studied populations were also divided according to place of residence and distance from the plant: zones A, B, C. Survey questions concerned the respiratory system symptoms and housing conditions. Respondents from the exposed group reported the following symptoms more often than the control group: frequent colds, recurrent respiratory tract infections, throat irritation, dyspnoea, recurrent rhinitis, and nasal irritation/ burning sensation. Among the risk factors for respiratory disorders, significant were: living in blocks of flats (OR = 1.78; CI 1.13-2.81), air pollution by odours (OR = 1.64; CI 1.04-2.56), period of residence (OR = 1.02; CI 1.00-1.03) and age of respondents (OR = 0.98; CI 0.97-0.98), while the ownership of pets had a protective effect (OR<1). Reported symptoms were also associated with air pollution by staphylococci (OR~5). The obtained results show that proximity to a wastewater treatment plant deteriorates the health of nearby residents.
Our study focused on the assessment of the effects of environmental lead exposure on brain electrical activity. Electrophysiological procedures were conducted on 92 children with Pb level of 5.9 + 3.8 μg/dL (min.=2.3 μg/dL, max.=23.0 μg/dL). The study was performed on a blind basis, and consisted of blood lead level measurements, standard EEG examinations, brain electric activity mapping, and psychological tests. Results of electrophysiological assessment were correlated with the blood lead concentration (PbB). Elevated PbB significantly correlated with: abnormal EEGs (R=0.419; p<0.001), border-line results, IQ measurement results and difficulties in learning. In conclusion, psychological tests and electrophysiological methods were effective in the assessment of environmental exposure of children to lead.
Background. The stimuli acting on a person in a high mountain environment (such as hypobaric hypoxia with subsequent reoxygenation, physical exercise) can significantly increase oxidative stress, stimulate erythropoiesis, lead to changes in the blood count and participate in the development of altitude sickness. Objective. The aim was to investigate changes in haematological parameters, indicators of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde – MDA) and antioxidant defences: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the plasma of young, healthy people after a 9-day expedition in the Alps. Materials and method. A total of 5 patients (4 men and 1 woman), members of the Wrocław Mountaineering Club, aged 24–26 years. Collection of blood samples was carried out immediately before departure and 3 days after the end of exposure to high-altitude conditions. During the expedition, the subjects were exposed to heights: 2,050–4,165 m.a.s.l., and exercise associated with climbing. Results. Trekking in the Alps neither caused significant changes in the parameters of red blood cells nor increased the level of oxidative stress parameters in plasma. CAT activity increased, the ratio of SOD / CAT decreased. There was also a decrease in the total number of leukocytes, mainly monocytes and basophils. Conclusions. 9-day exposure to high-altitude conditions is not a substantial burden for the organism of young, physically active people. The increase in antioxidant capacity is sufficient to stop oxidative processes, which are severe in these conditions, and to prevent the occurrence of significant oxidative stress. Discontinuation of exposure to allergens and dust pollution clears the airways, which is indicated by the reduction in the number of monocytes and basophils.
In 2009 we investigated exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury in 80 women aged 50-59 in an urban area of Poland. Blood levels of lead, cadmium, and total mercury were used as biomarkers. The participants completed an extended questionnaire to identify potential sociodemographic, lifestyle, and nutritional correlates for the concentration of metals in the blood. The geometric means in the study population were: 21.5 μg/l (95% CI 20-23) for blood lead, 0.67 μg/l (95% CI 0.56-0.79) for blood cadmium, and 0.75 μg/l (95% CI 0.64- 0.87) for total mercury in the blood. Regression analyses revealed that the increased lead levels in the blood were significantly associated with BMI values under 25 kg/m², being postmenopausal, smoking habits, the use of heating sources other than electricity or centrally heated buildings, and frequent or constant trucks passing through a residential area. The levels of cadmium in the blood were significantly higher in subjects who smoked cigarettes and decreased as education increased. Fish consumption and the number of teeth containing amalgam were the only factors that were significantly associated with blood mercury levels.
The significance of mangane as an environmental pollutant has increased in previous years. In this study the authors present the influence of chronic exposure of mangane on oxidative stress parameters. Depending on the position in the brain, the authors observed the following changes: decrease of GPx and GR activity in the brain stem, similarly in the cerebellum; in the brain’s hemispheres, however, an increase of GST activity and a decrease of GR activity was observed. CAT activity in all these three structures remained at a lower, constant level.
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