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Krakow is world famous for its wealth of cultural heritage historic sites. But it’s not its only claim to fame. For many years Krakow has been classed as one of the most polluted cities in Poland, along with Lower Silesia region and Łódź conurbation. The statistical data show higher rates of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases amongst Cracovians. The article presents monitoring methods, study results and predictions for the future.
A study was performed in order to compare two techniques of air sampling, i.e. with use of SUMMA canisters and with use of sorption tubes. Analysed was air collected in Krakow and Vienna together with calibration mixtures containing 7 and 27 hydrocarbons of known concentrations. The samples were analysed with use of two different gas chromatographs equipped with different columns and with FID detectors.Keywords: hydrocarbons, gas chromatography, canisters, sorption tubes.
The content of volatile hydrocarbons in the atmospheric air in Kraków as well as in the country in the vicinity of the A-4 motorway was determined. The air was sampled to canisters made of electropolished stainless steel. Determinations of hydrocarbons were performed on a gas chromatograph equipped with acryogenic trap and flame-ionization detector. The contribution of traffic to air pollution with volatile hydrocarbons both in built-up and open areas in the vicinity of busy motorways was estimated.
The effect of concentration of acetohydroxamic acid (AHA) on inhibition of jack bean urease in phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at 25°C, was studied. The meas­urements were performed at urease concentration of 2.5 mg/100 cm3 for con­centrations of urea and AHA ranging in the range of 2-50 mmol dm-3 and 0.25-10 mmol dm-3, respectively. The reactions were monitored by two techniques: analytical and enthalpimetric. For the analytical technique the growth of ammonia concentration in the course of the reaction was determined. From the recorded progress curves the following parameters were calculated for each inhibitor concentration: the initial reaction rate, the steady-state rate and the inversion constant. From these parameters the inhibition constants of the initial and steady-state stages of the reaction, K\ and K\y were calculated. The former constant did not change whereas the latter one proved to decrease quickly with an increase in inhibitor concentration. This behaviour resulted from the fact that the inactive complex EI* was not a product of internal inversion but was formed in the reaction: — 2/3I + EI —> (EI • — 2/3I)*. The disso3ciation constant of this complex is equal to about 0.3 x 10-3 (mol dm-3)2/3.
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