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Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Moroccan species of Psidium guajava extracts

100%
Lahlou J., Amraoui B. E., El-Wahidi M., Bamhaoud T.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2022
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tom 73
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nr 1
Background. During the recent years, appropriate attention has been paid to the oxidative stress which damages the body’s cells, proteins, and DNA. Therefore, the need of antioxidants becomes a therapeutic and preventive priority. In addition, microbial infections also constitute a public health problem. Objective. To find efficient, reliable and safe alternatives sources to synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics and antifungals drugs. Materials and methods. Extract and essential oil of Psidium guajava were screened for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Citrobacter freundii, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas sp) and fungi (Candida albicans,Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans), as well as to determine the functional groups of phytochemicals present in the essential oil by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results. The results indicate that P. guajava leaves extract demonstrated very high antioxidant activity and P.guajava essential oil showed the highest polyphenols content. The antioxidant capacity showed a significant negative linear correlation to total polyphenolic content (TPC) with Pearson’s correlation coefficients. P. guajava essential oil shows high antibacterial and antifungal activity against all the studied bacteria and fungi.The FTIR analysis of P. guajava essential oil showed the presence of several functional groups (ethers, esters, ketones, terpenes, alkanes, aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, and phenols). The relationship between the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of P.guajava essential oil suggests that the attribution of its antimicrobial activity to a particular compound or a synergistic effects between its different constituents remains difficult. Conclusions. The present study demonstrated that Psidium guajava is a valuable source of active compounds with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. This finding suggests the new use of the fruits and the leaves extracts of this plant in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections, as well as for the extraction of new antioxidants. Therefore, it is necessary to be carried out in another study to identify the active(s) compound(s) in P.guajava essential oil with respect to their mechanisms and synergistic actions.
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Antibacterial activity of essential oils of Salvia officinalis growing in Morocco

88%
Lahlou Y., Moujabbir S., Aboukhalaf A., El Amraoui B., Bamhaoud T.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2023
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tom 74
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nr 4
Background. The bacterial infections treatment is complicated by antibiotic resistance. In this fact, the need for new therapeutic approaches to control bacterial infections is crucial. Therefore, discovering new antibiotics from medicinal plants, able to kill drug-resistant bacteria, is essential to saving modern medicine. Objective. This study was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) growing in Morocco. Material and methods. The essential oil was extracted by hydro distillation, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by agar dilution method. The essential oil was analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and fractionated/purified using column chromatography followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Results. The results revealed that SoEO showed higher antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Citrobacter freundii. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, and purification/fractionation of SoEO, indicates that the most polar fraction F6 is the active fraction of SoEO. This finding can be explained by the existence of polar compounds in this fraction including alcohols, and phenols as thymol, eugenol, globulol, and spathulenol. Conclusions. It can be conclude that alcohols and phenols from Salvia officinalis essential oil (SoEO) have promising antibacterial activity. This action can offer a great possibility of the application of SoEO in the treatment of bacterial diseases.
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