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There is no doubt that cancer is not only a genetic disease but that it can also occur due to epigenetic abnormalities. Diet and environmental factors can alter the scope of epigenetic regulation. The results of recent studies suggest that O-GlcNAcylation, which involves the addition of N-acetylglucosamine on the serine or threonine residues of proteins, may play a key role in the regulation of the epigenome in response to the metabolic status of the cell. Two enzymes are responsible for cyclic O-GlcNAcylation: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which catalyzes the addition of the GlcNAc moiety to target proteins; and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes the sugar moiety from proteins. Aberrant expression of O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes, especially OGT, has been found in all studied human cancers. OGT can link the cellular metabolic state and the epigenetic status of cancer cells by interacting with and modifying many epigenetic factors, such as HCF-1, TET, mSin3A, HDAC, and BAP1. A growing body of evidence from animal model systems also suggests an important role for OGT in polycomb-dependent repression of genes activity. Moreover, O-GlcNAcylation may be a part of the histone code: O-GlcNAc residues are found on all core histones.
An objective analysis of the horse’s movement is used to evaluate the usefulness of the horse for practical purposes and serves as a prognostic tool for predicting the horse’s sports performance, functional development, and potential pathological conditions. Based on a literature review, this paper presents current biomechanical principles of the translational and rotational movements of the horse’s body parts as the grounds for a kinematic analysis of the horse’s movement. The kinematic analysis involves the evaluation of time-space, linear, and angular parameters (linear and angular kinematic). The symmetric, regular, temporal, and repeatable translocation of the horse’s body parts is ensured by the synchronization of internal forces generated by muscles and gravity, acting by levers of the horse’s skeleton, which cause rotational movements around the centers of joint rotation. The principle of a torque equilibrium has become the basis for establishing the physiological normal values in movement evaluation methods. The article presents all currently known methods of kinematic evaluation of the horse’s movement along with their critical interpretation. The authors describe their own assumptions for the construction of behavioral screening equipment for the analysis of the horse’s movement and vital activity measurements.
An association between Helicobacter infection and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in children was investigated. The prevalence of antibodies to H. pylori did not differ between the AIH and the control group, (22% versus 14%), and antibodies to non-gastric Helicobacter were not detected in either group. H. pylori DNA was found in two AIH liver tissues, but Helicobacter was not cultured from any sample.
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