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1

Using electrical profiling to determine soil petrophysical parameters in an agricultural field

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Gastelum-Contreras A. K., Espinoza-Ortiz M., Peinado-Guevara H. J., Delgado-Rodriguez O., De los Angeles Ladron de Guevara M., Peinado-Guevara V. M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 3
The soils of a 10-ha agricultural field in the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, were characterized through electrical measurements and determination of petrophysical parameters. An electrical profiling survey for AB/2 = 2 m and 3 m was carried out in the study area. The apparent resistivity, soil moisture, and pore water salinity values were recalculated into petrophysical values using the Petrowin software, resulting in fine (clay+silt) content, and porosity and hydraulic conductivity maps. Using the Bouyoucos method, soil texture was determined for 30 soil samples collected in points matched with EP measurement points. The results of textural analysis indicated that the study area is quite complex, with the presence of eight textures of soil, and soil moisture and groundwater salinity variable in twice and five times, respectively. The fines content values obtained from Petrowin software and the Bouyoucos method were compared showing a high correlation (R = 0.91), giving reliability to fast and inexpensive techniques such as electrical profiling for the determination of the soil petrophysical parameters in extensive agricultural land.
2

Determining water salinity in a shallow aquifer and its vulnerability to coastline erosion

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Peinado-Guevara H. J., Delgado-Rodriguez O., Herrera-Barrientos J., De los Angeles Ladron de Guevara M., Peinado-Guevara V. M., Herrera-Barrientos F., Campista Leon S.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
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tom 26
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nr 5
In most coastal areas in Mexico, there is an increase in housing development and facilities for tourism, consequently resulting in a negative impact on the environment. Due to this, an awareness of the critical role of groundwater in sustaining coastal populations, economies, and ecosystems is growing. The coastal zone of Sinaloa State is classified as an area with a high presence of saline groundwater in Mexico. The present work was performed in the Las Glorias Beach, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. The results of the analysis of 19 soil and groundwater samples indicate the predominance of sandy soil and a wide range of water salinity, from slightly saline to brine. An electromagnetic profiling (EMP) survey was performed at the study site showing a low apparent electrical conductivity zone parallel to the coastline as indicative of the possible presence of fresh and/or slightly saline water. Apparent electrical conductivity values were compared with electrical conductivity values measured in groundwater samples collected in wells, resulting in a positive linear correlation (R = 0.97). This linear relation is explained by a φ - ξ electromagnetic analytic model when 5.36 ≤ σₐ ≤ 85.87 mS/cm. The linear relation was used to recalculate the apparent electrical conductivity values from EMP survey into electrical conductivity values of groundwater and, therefore, TDS values. The TDS map indicates the presence of a barrier of fresh/slightly saline groundwater parallel to the coastline that keeps a fragile balance that prevents the advance of saltwater intrusion from the sea of Cortés and from brine zones located in the northern part of the site. The advance of erosion in Las Glorias Beach exposes the vulnerability of the aquifer to the saline intrusion to be advancing in time, which has affected the zone economically and socially.
3

Geoelectrical and geochemical characterization of groundwater in a shallow coastal aquifer

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de Guevara-Torres M. L., Peinado-Guevara H. J., Delgado-Rodriquez O., Shevnin V., Herrera-Barrientos J., Belmonte-Jimenez S. I., Peinado-Guevara V. M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2017
|
tom 26
|
nr 4
Playa Las Glorias is the main tourist destination for the inhabitants of the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, México, and it overlies a shallow coastal aquifer. In recent years, the momentum of the tourism industry in the region has brought a growing demand in the consumption of drinking water. Because of this, it is relevant to the precise knowledge of the interface of slightly brackish saltwater for an efficient planning of new wells by the municipal authorities. For efficient groundwater exploitation, it was taken into consideration the productivity of the aquifer and the environmental impact that would cause improper management of water resources. The electromagnetic profiling (EMP) method was applied in Playa Las Glorias, Sinaloa, Mexico. A total of 150 measurements of EMP distributed in 11 profiles were performed, of which 10 were perpendicular to the coast and one parallel to it, using an EM34 meter in horizontal polarization and separation between coils of 10 m and 20 m. The apparent conductivity maps show an anomaly of low conductivity, indicating the presence of fresh or slightly saline water. In this anomalous zone we performed an electric resistivity tomography (ERT) profile to determine the behavior of groundwater salinity finding a shallow layer of freshwater, and as it deepens the salinity increases due to the influence of the sea. In addition, electrical resistivity (Rw) values were measured in groundwater samples that, along with the resistivity values (Rₒ) for sandy formation obtained from ERT data, allowed us to determine a lineal relationship between both resistivities. A hydro geochemical study was conducted in the site through Piper diagrams and Chadha, indicating a predominance in the region of chlorinated water due to the influence of the nearby sea. Finally, we determined the correlations between the water electrical conductivity values with the Cl⁻ anion and the Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ cations for the site, besides finding relationships between Na⁺-Cl⁻, Na⁺-Mg²⁺, and Cl⁻-Mg²⁺ with a superior adjustment to 0.98.
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