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The Odra estuary includes, as its major part, the brackish Szczecin Lagoon. This consists of two parts: the Kleines Haff (located in Germany) and the Wielki Zalew located in Poland. The Lagoon receives the River Odra water supplied from the south; prior to being discharged into the Lagoon, part of the Odra flow passes through Lake Dąbie. In its northern part, the Lagoon connects – via three straits (the Peene, Świna and Dziwna) - with the Pomeranian Bay, a Baltic embayment. Water in the lakes of the River Odra estuary were the subjects of a five-year study (2008-2012). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. The zonal study demonstrated that the top sub littoral layer (1 m) featured the highest alkaline phosphatase activity among all the analyzed zones. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). Basing on this parameter, no increase in eutrophication process in the River Odra estuary was determined in the course of a 5- year study.
Miedwie Lake is the biggest post-glacial lake of the West-Pomeranian Voievodship. At the same time it is the fifth of the largest lakes in Poland. Miedwie Lake is situated centrally between three big agglomerations, i.e. Szczecin, Stargard Szczecinski and Pyrzyce. Miedwie Lake has been since 1976, the potable water source for the City of Szczecin. The reservoir is used not only for municipal purposes, but also for fishing, tourist and recreation purposes. Unfortunately, heavy metal pollution is an ever-increasing problem. These toxic heavy metals on entering into the aquatic environment are adsorbed onto particulate matter, although they can form free metal ions and soluble complexes that are available for uptake by biological organisms. Many of these metals tend to remain in the ecosystem and eventually move from one compartment to the other within the food chain. The increase in residue levels of heavy metal content in water, sediments and biota has resulted in decreased productivity and increase in exposure of humans to harmful substances. Food chain contamination by heavy metals has become a burning issue in recent years because of their potential accumulation in biosystems through contaminated water, soil, sediment and air. The present research work deals with the quantification of toxic heavy metals in the water samples collected from Miedwie Lake (North-West Poland).
Urbanization is the cause of many changes which are taking place in the environment, including those found in the catchment. With this in mind, it is an important issue to properly protect water reservoirs and also take action to counter the adverse effects of human activities on the natural environment, including water bodies. To address the increasing degradation of surface waters in the European Union, the approach to the evaluation and protection of water resources was changed. This approach was formulated in the European Union Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), which calls for the protection of water, as well as an environment-friendly and comprehensive approach to water assessment. Herein, the ecological status of surface waters and groundwater is assessed on the basis of the ecological potential of the biological, physico-chemical and hydromorphological indicators.
This report documents the new location of the representative Ordovician trilobite Asaphus expansus. This well-known trilobite was discovered in the “Storkowo” Mining Plant in the central part of the West Pomeranian Province in Poland.
Zastosowane biostruktur w procesie doczyszczania ścieków umożliwiło na drodze biologicznej obniżyć wartości BZT₅, azotu i fosforu. Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły skuteczności stosowania biostruktur w procesach doczyszczania ścieków komunalnych.
Materiałem badawczym do określenia stopnia obniżenia wskaźników mikrobiologicznych podczas oczyszczania ścieku organicznego metodą roślinno-wodną był ściek syntetyczny oczyszczany przez system korzeniowy dwóch przedstawicieli roślin pleustonowych - pisti rozetkowej (Pistia stratiotes) i hiacynta wodnego (Echhomia crassipes). Przeprowadzone badania dowiodły, że w wyniku pięciodniowego oczyszczania ścieków w systemie roślinno-wodnym nastąpiło obniżenie wskaźników mikrobiologicznych w zakresie ogólnej liczby bakterii oraz ogólnej liczby grzybów jak również biochemicznego zapotrzebowania na tlen.
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Nature 2000 - selected issues

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The EU Nature 2000 network is generally not a network of strictly protected areas in which no economic activities should take place. Therefore, in most Nature 2000 sites, a strict wilderness approach will not be the most appropriate form of management. This guidance document should therefore not be interpreted as the Commission aiming to turn all Nature 2000 sites into wilderness areas. However, in specific cases, a wilderness approach can be the most appropriate or even necessary management approach for specific Nature 2000 sites hosting habitat types and species of Community interest, the maintenance or restoration to a favourable conservation status of which is dependent on some degree of wilderness qualities and natural processes. Moreover, there will be sites for which a wilderness approach can be useful but not necessarily the only way to restore or maintain the species and habitats at a favourable conservation status. This guidance document is applicable to those specific Nature 2000 sites.
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Wastewater treatment technologies

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The article presents an application of multi-criteria analysis for selection of the best treatment technology and the best technical solution to the running of a large and a small wastewater treatment plant. The calculations performed for two plant capacities and for various effluent standards are based on a compromise programming method. The effluent standards considered for the smaller plant are only BOD5, COD and TSS, while for the larger plant also nitrogen and phosphorus. For each plant’s capacity, three different treatment technologies are analyzed. The analyzed technologies included biofilters, continuous and cyclic activated sludge, rotating biological contactors and natural treatment methods. The selection of the best technology is done with a define set of sustainability criteria that can be easily modified and adjusted to specific local conditions. The proposed method can be used for selection of the best treatment technology and the most appropriate technical solution from a sustainability standpoint, at the stage of wastewater system planning and designing, as well as for evaluation of already operating plants.
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Problems Nature 2000 sites

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In spite of widespread support from the population of most member countries for European Union policy, including support for sustainable development, in many EU countries, the levels of acceptance of new environmental protection programmes have been and, in particular in new member states, still are considerably low. The experience of the countries which were the first to implement union directives show that they cannot be effectively applied without widespread public participation. The goal of this study was, using the example of Poland, to assess public acceptance of the expansion of nature conservation in the context of sustainable development principles and to discover whether existing nature governance should be modified when establishing new protected areas. The increase in protected areas in Poland has become a hotbed of numerous conflicts. In spite of the generally favourable attitudes to Nature that Polish people have, Nature 2000 is perceived as an unnecessary additional conservation tool. Both local authorities and communities residing in the Natura areas think that the programme is a hindrance, rather than a help in the economic development of municipalities or regions, as was initially supposed. This lack of acceptance results from many factors, mainly social, historic and economic. The implications of these findings for current approach to Nature governance in Poland are discussed.
Models relating chlorophyll to nutrients and Secchidepth to chlorophyll using data from nearshore coastal waters of Baltic Sea were successfully developed. The models suggest that phosphorus is the primary limiting factor for phytoplankton in the nearshore coastal waters of Baltic Sea and that total phosphorus concentration accounts for 65% of the variance in chlorophyll concentration.The models also show that chlorophyll is the dominant factor determining Secchi depth in nearshore coastal waters of Baltic Sea and that chlorophyll concentrations account for 38% of the variance in Secchi depth.On the basis of the analysis of research in the Western and Northern Polish Lakes summer macrozoobenthos it can be concluded that in the lakes Barlinek-Gorzow Landscape Park (Barlineckie Lake, Glebokie Lake, Lubiszewko Lake, Przyleg Lake) very intensively develop Oligochaeta. While the larvae of Chironomidae subdominants status in the period under review amounting to water, developed in other lakes much more intensely, acting mostly the main ingredient of benthic fauna. The results obtained have revealed that the ecological condition of the water in the lakes Barlinek-Gorzów Landscape Park (Barlineckie Lake, Glebokie Lake, Lubiszewko Lake, Przyleg Lake) is very bad
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