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Screening of a cDNA library revealed that Castanea crenata agglutinin (CCA) consists of two homologous protomers: CCA, which has been reported previously, and its isoform, designated CCA-Q, which contains an additional glutamine residue inserted at position 153 of CCA. PCR-Southern and subsequent analyses of the genomic sequence indicated that both CCA and CCA-Q should be translated from the same gene, CCA, which consists of four exons and three introns. Therefore, the difference may be caused by a type of alternative splicing. PCR-Southern analysis also indicated the existence of another gene, sCCA, which showed high identity to exon 1, intron 1 and exon 4 of CCA. In addition, the entire sCCA gene was transcribed into an mRNA with no obvious open reading frame, although the amount of transcribed product was less than 1/100 of the level of the CCA transcript. Thus, sCCA is estimated to be a pseudogene. These results suggest that no CCA isoforms encoded by different genes are present in Japanese chestnut trees, except for the presence of a homolog pseudogene.
Effects of early postnatal ethanol exposure on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus were investigated. Wistar rats were assigned to either ethanol treatment (ET), separation control (SC) or mother-reared control (MRC) groups. Ethanol exposure was achieved by a vapor inhalation method for 3 hours a day between postnatal days (PND) 10-15. On PND 16, 20, 30, and 60, the expression of BDNF mRNA in the hippocampus was determined using real-time RT-PCR analysis. There was a significant age-related increase in the BDNF mRNA expression between PND 30–60 in MRC animals. The BDNF mRNA expression in ET rats was increased at both PND 16 and 20 and thereafter decreased at PND 60 compared to SC animals. Such age-related fluctuation in the expression of BDNF mRNA differed from that of MRC animals. The exact functional implications, if any, of these ethanol-induced changes in BDNF mRNA expression remain unknown although it can be speculated that they may have an effect on the behaviors known to be influenced by the hippocampal formation.
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