Desiccated seeds were used in order to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the weed vegetation present in traditional Central-European agricultural landscape of the second half of the 19th century. More than seven thousand seeds were excavated from 100 kg of loam, chaff and straw that had been used as building material of cob cottages in NE Slovenia. About 7100 of these were wild plants, while only 126 belonged to cultivated/escaped species (cereals excluded). The diaspores belonged to 89 taxa and most of them were attributed to plant species from disturbed habitats (weeds and ruderals). A comparison with current conservation status of species found in the region showed that some of the weeds, such as Agrostemma githago, Anthemis cotula, Centaurea cyanus, Kickxia elatine, Papaver dubium and Ranunculus arvensis, are nowadays rare and threatened species. On the other hand, some weeds or ruderals that are very common nowadays were not found in the material. One species, Paronychia cephalotes, was found, which has not been recorded before on Slovenian territory. The plant material stored in the construction material of the cottage, gives us insight into the vegetation assemblages of arable land before the development of more intensive tillage and cultivation in the second half of the 20th century, which dramatically changed the Central-European agricultural landscape.
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