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Experiments were conducted to study the influence of sowing seasons and drying methods on the seed vigour of two spring soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars. Two cultivars, ‘Huachun18’ and ‘Huachun 14’, were sown in three seasons viz., spring, summer and autumn and the harvested seeds were dried using three different methods. The results showed that soybean sown in spring had a higher number of branches per plant, pods per branch and seed weight, and consequently resulted in higher seed yields than that of soybean sown in autumn or summer seasons. Seeds sown in the autumn season had the lowest values of electrical conductivity during seed imbibitions, higher peroxidase (POD) activity in germinated seedlings and lower contamination by the seed-borne fungi on the MS medium, which indirectly improved the seed vigour, which was followed by summer sown seeds. Seeds sown during the spring season resulted in poor seed vigour. In addition, the effect of drying methods on the seed vigour was also clarified. Seeds that hung for four days before threshing and then air-dried had the poorest seed vigour which was determined by germination, electrical conductivity, POD activity and seed borne fungal growth. There was no difference in seed vigour between other methods, i.e. seeds threshed directly at harvest and then air-dried on a bamboo sifter or concrete floor. These results indicated that autumn sowing soybean and the drying method in which seeds were threshed directly at harvest and then air-dried on a bamboo sifter resulted in higher seed vigour.
Performance of ozone/persulfate-UBAF used for advanced treatment of physically treated effluent from herbal decoction pieces of wastewater was investigated in a pilot scale experiment. Under optimum conditions – i.e., an initial pH, temperature 13-27ºC, 30 min of oxidation, 35 mg/L O₃ dosage, S₂ O₈²⁻ /COD (g/g) ratio (0.15), gas/liquid ratio in UBAF (3), hydraulic retention time in UBAF (5h)– the COD and NH₃ -N removal efficiencies were 87.54-89.53% and 82.94-86.77%, respectively. Under optimum conditions, ozone/persulfate oxidation lowered pH values by about 0.1 pH units (average value), presented lower OCC (from 0.14 to 0.16 kg O₃ /kg COD removed), and significantly improved the wastewater biodegradability from 0.16 to 0.55 (average value). Compared with O₃ /H₂ O₂ oxidation, the ozone/persulfate system achieved a better enhancement effect in wastewater treatment (i.e., decreased 24.0% OCC and saved 11.4% in operational costs). Furthermore, the COD removal rate in ozone/persulfate oxidation stage followed the first order ln(C/C₀)=- 0.0167t , and the COD concentration in UBAF effluent was expressed by the model C/C₀=exp(-0.2940/-L⁰‧⁰⁹¹² H) at various hydraulic loading ratesfor maintenance and selection of UBAF. Finally, the study proved that the combined process was an efficient technology in treating physically treated effluent from herbal decoction pieces wastewater.
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