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Between 2007 and 2010, 330 samples from 169 cattle with clinical signs of respiratory diseases, arthritis, otitis or mastitis were examined for Mycoplasma species in the Czech Republic. Samples were collected and cultured before being identified by polymerase chain reaction and denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis. In 53 samples, 63 mycoplasmas were detected and identified. M. dispar was the most frequently identified pathogen with 36 per cent of positive samples, whilst M. bovirhinis was the most common mycoplasma, with 45 per cent. Other species identified were M. bovoculi, M. bovis, M. bovigenitalium, M. canadense, M. alkalescens, and M. arginini. Perhaps unusually, M. canadense was the only organism isolated from the joint fluid of an animal that had arthritis. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type was not detected. Different Mycoplasma species were identified in lung lavage and nasal swab samples from the same animals. Mycoplasma species were present in 22 of the 35 herds tested.
The effect of three different field isolates of Mycoplasma bovis on selected immunological parameters in experimentally infected calves was studied. Calves were kept separately in 4 experimental groups, and animals of 3 groups were infected intratracheally with one of the three selected isolates of M. bovis. The control group was inoculated intra-tracheally with sterile physiological saline. Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected just before the calf inoculation, then daily for seven days, and then weekly for another three weeks. The presence of M bovis antigen, M. bovis antibodies, total protein, gamma globulins, IgA, IgM, IgG, acute phase proteins (haptoglobulin and serum amyloid A), as well as interferon-γ and interleukin-4 concentrations were determined. M. bovis was detected intermittently during the study in the infected groups from day 1, whilst the control group remained free of the pathogen. M. bovis antibodies were detected in some of infected animals in the second, third, and fourth week arter infection. The stimulation and/or immunological suppression varied between the M bovis isolates used for the inoculation. All M. bovis isolates induced a rise of APP and gamma globulin concentrations in infected calves. However, in this study the mucosal immune response appeared to be down-regulated, which was expressed with a general lack of IgA stimulation.
European bison (Bison bonasus) from two different areas of Eastern Poland showing gross pathology possibly associated with mycoplasma infections were tested for ruminant Mycoplasma species using serological and molecular methods. Fifty-five samples, blood or tissue were collected from 28 animals during 2013-2014. Six sera were positive for Mycoplasma bovis. The ELISA and complement fixation test for Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides gave a few weak reactions, but were negative by immunoblotting and molecular methods.
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