Environmental concerns related to existing and planned technical installations in the Baltic Sea

• Autorzy: Otremba Z , Andrulewicz E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper describes the selection of the most important technical installations already operating or planned in the Baltic Sea. It highlights maritime regulations related to these installations and describes current practices utilized for the preparation of environmental impact assessments (EIA). It assumes that there is an adequate international legal system for protection of the Baltic natural environment. However, it points out some cases when this legal system does not sufficiently work, particularly during the process of EIA preparation.

• Wydawca: -
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: 17
• Numer: 2
• Opis fizyczny: p.173-179,fig.,ref.

Twórcy

autor

Otremba Z

• Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland

autor

Andrulewicz E.

Bibliografia

• 1. HELSINKI CONVENTION, Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, Helsinki; 1992, (website: http://www.helcom.fi/Convention/enGB/ convention).
• 2. ESPOO 1991Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context, Espoo, 1991, (website: www.unece.org/env/eia).
• 3. MARPOL 73/78, International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto, Londyn, 1978 (website: www. imo.org).
• 4. UNCLOS, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, New York, 1982, (website: www.un.org/Depts/los/convention agreements/texts/unclos/closindx.htm).
• 5. AARHUS CONVENTION, Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Aarhus, 1998, (website: http://www.unece.org/env/pp).
• 6. RAMSAR CONVENTION, The Convention on Wetlands, Ramsar, Iran, 1971, (website: http://www.ramsar.org).
• 7. HABITAT DIRECTIVE, Council Directive 92/43/EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora, Brussels, 1992, (website: http://www.internationalwildlifelaw.org/EUCouncilDirective92.html).
• 8. BIRD DIRECTIVE, Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds, Brussels, 1979, (website: http://users.cybercity.dk/~ccc12787/legislation/eng/79409EEC.html).
• 9. EIA DIRECTIVE, EIA Directive (EU legislation) on Environmental Impact Assessment of the effects of projects on the environment, 2003, (http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ eia/eia-legalcontext.htm).
• 10. ANDRULEWICZ E., NAPIERSKA D., OTREMBAZ. The environmental effects of installation and functioning of submarine SwePol Link HVDC transmission line: a case study of the Polish Marine Area of the Baltic Sea, Jour. of Sea Res. 49, 337, 2003.
• 11. PANOV V., ALIMOV A. F., GOLUBKOV S.M., ORLOVA M.I. TELESH I.V., Environmental Problems and Challenges for Coastal Zone Management in the Neva Estuary (Eastern Gulf of Finland). In: Baltic Coastal Ecosystems (ed.: Gerald Schernewski and Urlich Schiever). Springer, 171-184, 2002.
• 12. ALADIN N.V., DIANOV M.B., PLOTNIKOV I.S. Assessment of biological diversity of Russian part of Gulf of Finland using BSRP SGEH indicators. annex 9 in: Ices Report of Study Group on Baltic Ecosystem Health (SGEH), CM 2007/BCC:01, 2007.
• 13. EBRD, 2002, St. Petersburg Flood Protection Barrier, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), Environmental Impact Assessment Study1, Executive Summary, 2002 (website: www.ebrd.com/projects/eias/18221. htm).
• 14. ANDRULEWICZ E., Can wind farms be dangerous to fisheries?, Fisher’s News, 125, 14-15, 2002 (in Polish).
• 15. EKO-KONSULT, Assessment of environmental conditions of the Polish EEZ and potential environmental impacts of the “Baltic Pipe”, Ed. A. Tyszecki, Gdansk, 2001 [in Polish].
• 16. EKO-KONSULT, Environmental Impact Assessment of the „Baltic Pipe” versus of requirements of the Helsinki Convention, Ed. A. Tyszecki, Gdansk, 2001 [in Polish].
• 17. OTREMBA Z., Oil and gas pipelines, Geographical Encyclopedia of the World – Oceans and Seas, Ed. OPRES Kraków, 224, 1997 [in Polish].
• 18. GACEK U., On the other side of the Baltic Pipe. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Threats to the Baltic Sea, Warsaw, Poland, 28 May 2007.
• 19. LARSSON R. L., Nord Stream and Security Political Implications for the Baltic Sea Region (Swedish Defence Research Agency). Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental Threats to the Baltic Sea, Warsaw, Poland, 28 May 2007.
• 20. NORD STREAM, The New Gas Supply Route to Europe, 2006, (website: www.nord-stream.com).
• 21. NORD STREAM, Secure Gas supply for Europe. (Information delivered to HELCOM Heads of Delegation (HoDs), 2006, (website: www.helcom.fi).
• 22. HELCOM HABITAT 7, Risk assessment and an environmental impact assessment for the North European gas pipeline project (NEGP), Doc. 11/3, 2005, (website: http://www. helcom.fi).
• 23. HELCOM HABITAT 8, Common standards on environmental impact assessment for pipelines in the Baltic sea area, Doc. 9/2, 2006, (website: http://www.helcom.fi).
• 24. HELCOM HABITAT 9, Status report on legal procedures currently carried out to evaluate the environmental impact of the NnordStream gas pipeline, Doc. 10/3, 2007, (website: http://www.helcom.fi).