Results of diallel crossing 7 inbred lines of rye are presented and effects of general and specific combining ability for terminal internode length, 1000 grain, weight and weight of grains per ear are estimated. Estimates of genetic variance components proved a significant share of additive and nonadditive gene effect forms for the terminal internode length and weight of grains per ear as well as additive gene effect for 1000 grain weight. Investigation results have proved that the lines used for crossing are genetically different and can be used for both breeding synthetic varieties and combinations with high weight of grains per ear.