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Along with the storage time, in the egg content there occur changes based of which their quality and condition of egg freshness may be determined. The aim of the study was determination of the effect of 7-week storage period at a temperature of 4°C on the quality of Japanese quail eggs. The eggs were analyzed at one-week intervals to determine their morphological composition. No statistically significant differences were observed between particular dates of evaluation within the range of the egg weight and its proportional loss, which in the 7th week was 2.78%. No statistically significant differences were observed in the weight of yolk and albumen in total. The amount of albumen did not change, while the Haugh units ranged from 91.4 in the 1st week to 87.2 in the 7th week of storage. These results show that quail eggs are characterized by a long period of retaining freshness.
The aim of the study was determination of changes in quality traits of eggs depending on storage conditions. The study material were 360 table eggs laid by 52 weeks of age laying hens, Tetra SL, being in their peak of egg production. The eggs were stored at a temperature of 4 and 23°C. Evaluation of egg quality was carried out on the 1st, 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day, analyzing 40 eggs from each group. It was found that storage conditions had a significant effect on the loss of egg weight and thick albumen as well as on an increase in its pH value. Temperature of 23°C had a greater effect on the dynamics of these changes, while eggs stored at a temperature of 4°C even after 28-day storage were characterized by a good quality and freshness. Long-term storage had no significant effect on the shell weight, its thickness and elastic deformation and resistance to crushing
Eggs from game pheasants receiving a diet containing 19.0% crude protein and 11.7 MJ ME (control) or 15.0% crude protein and 12.6 MJ ME were studied. Analysis was made of 60 eggs (30 eggs from each group) collected during the 5th week of egg production. Eggs were examined within 24 h of collection. Pheasants receiving the experimental diet laid eggs with lower (P≤0.05) weight (26.3 g), length (42.1 mm) and width (33.5 mm) compared to the eggs from pheasants fed the control diet (30.8 g, 43.8 mm and 35.6 mm, respectively). The eggs from pheasants receiving the experimental feed had shells that were significantly (P≤0.05) lighter (2.5 g), thinner (0.280 mm), weaker (shell deformation 31.3 μm) and smaller in area (42.1 cm2). The eggs had the same percentages of albumen (52.9%) and similar percentages of yolk (37.4 : 37.6%) in both groups, with albumen and yolk weight being significantly lower in eggs from pheasants receiving the experimental diet. The change in diet composition increased the pH (P≤0.05) of fresh egg contents.
A comparison between vitellogenesis in virgin and mated females of Tenebrio molitor showed significant differences at each investigated developmental stage. Yolk protein deposition in oocytes, measured as an increase in their size parameters (length, width, and volume), proceeded much faster and was more efficient in mated females as compared to virgins. In fertilized females the gonadotropic cycle showed a cyclicity with an eight-day period while virgin females finish their vitellogenic stage after the first cycle. These differences were reflected in changes in the rate of protein synthesis in the fat body of females completing vitellogenesis or entering the next oogenetic cycle. In the haemolymph, in addition to a large (158 kDa) and two small (56 kDa and 45 kDa) subunits of vitellogenin, there was an abundance of proteins of 80 kDa and 60 kDa.
After intramuscular administration to laying hens, the highest mean concentration of oxytetracycline in (OTC) egg white was noticed on the 1st day after treatment (the 6th day of the experiment). On the 6 th day after treatment OTC was not detected. In the egg yolk, the highest OTC concentration was observed on the 3rd day after treatment. On the 13 th day after treatment no residues of oxytetracycline were detected above the detection limit of the used method (50 ppb). After oral administration, OTC residues appeared in the egg white as early as the first day after treatment began. The residues were detected until the 9th day after treatment. In the yolk, residues appeared four days after the beginning of the treatment and they were detected until the 12th day after treatment.
The aim of the study was to determine the content of chlorinated hydrocarbons (DDT, DDE, DDD and γ-HCH) in different tissues of turkeys from a reproductive flock. Linear correlation coefficients between the contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in blood of the turkey hens and their concentrations in egg yolks; in egg yolk and their concentrations in blood of poults; in egg yolk and their concentrations in yolk sack of poults, in blood of the turkey hens and their concentrations in abdominal fat of the hens were determinated. Significant correlations were determined only between the contents of chlorinated carbohydrates in blood and their concentration in egg yolks of the layers. The contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the research material did not arouse serious hygienic and toxicological concerns.
Conservation breed/line laying hens: Greenleg Partridge (Z-11), Yellowleg Partridge (Ż-33), Rhode Island Red (R-11), Sussex (S-66) and Leghorn (H-22 and G-99), 360 per strain were divided into 2 equal feeding treatment groups. Control groups (C) were fed a standard complete diet, experimental groups (L) were fed a diet with 10% linseed. The experiment was conducted from 37 to 52 weeks of age. Hatching efficiency was examined using 150 eggs per group. Laying rate and hatching efficiency differed between breed/strains, but increased due to incorporation of linseed into the diet. At 52 weeks of age, 4 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group and yolks were analysed for fatty acid profile and cholesterol content. There was an increase in n-3 PUFA, including α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, and a decrease in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in all groups receiving the linseed diet. It can be concluded that the use of linseed in diets of conservation breed/line hens results in table eggs with functional food properties and improves hatching efficiency in breeding stocks
Histological analyses were preformed to investigate the annual cycle of the ovaries of female spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus Raf. (Crustacea). In May, the crayfish ovaries were filled mainly with oocytes in the initial stage of development (previtellogenic oocytes). The histological picture of the ovaries indicated the presence of empty follicles and mature oocytes undergoing resorption. In the summer months, the volume of the oocytes gradually increased and surplus substances material began to be synthesized (phase I or endogenous vitellogenesis). The histological picture of the ovaries in August was varied; some of them contained previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes in phase I, while others contained mainly oocytes in phase II of vitellogenesis when the cytoplasm fills with yolk and lipid globules. In fall, winter and spring the ovaries of crayfish O. limosus were filled mainly with oocytes in phase II of vitellogenesis; these were gradually increasing in volume. The annual gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated in the range of 0.41 to 5.83. The percentage of previtellogenic to vitellogenic oocytes prior to spawning was 23:77, and following spawning it was 70:30.
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