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Postglacial migration dynamics helps to explain current scattered distribution of Taxus baccata

100%

Iszkulo G., Pers-Kamczyc E., Nalepka D., Rabska M., Walas L., Dering M.

Dendrobiology

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2016

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tom 76

Taxus baccata L. has a scattered distribution and the decline of yew woodlands is observed across the entire species range. Passively protected populations in the central and northern part of their distribution are declining without human intervention. However, the establishment of new yew populations is observed in habitats that have been significantly transformed by humans. The following question need to be answered: why do yews find better in environmental conditions that have been strongly modified by humans compared to natural systems? The Quaternary history might be the key to understand the current yew situation. As suggested by palaeobotanical studies, pollen of T. baccata was observed at optima of the interglacials, but in subsequent periods, it has been displaced by that of other shade-tolerant species. Pollen diagrams indicate that after the last glaciation, the yew did not appear earlier than other shade-tolerant species and did not have the opportunity to become common in occurrence, as in previous interglacial periods. As a result, yews occur only as relict populations within environmental islands where the competition with other shade-tolerant species is low. The negative human impact on yew is well-documented, but limitations resulting from the biology of this species are also very important. T. baccata is a species whose current scattered distribution may explain the Quaternary history. Yew situation is better in artificial conditions because people reduce competition from other trees species and deer pressure. Possible positive impact of human on yew distribution in the past is also discussed. The current biological condition of this species suggests the need for active protection.

2

Acclimation of current-year and previous-year needles of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) to irradiance conditions

100%

Wyka T. P., Robakowski P., Zytkowiak R.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2007

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tom 29

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nr 1 Suppl.

3

Allelopathic effects and secondary metabolites in life yew (Taxus spp.)

100%

Filova A., Rovna K., Kovar M.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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2007

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tom 29

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nr 1 Suppl.

4

Determination of 10-deacetylbaccatine III in Taxus baccata needles by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

84%

Zarek M., Waligorski P.

Herba Polonica

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2009

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tom 55

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nr 2

25-35

The optimization of the analytical buffer composition for micellar electrokinetic chromatography in order to make simple separations of 10-deacetylbaccatine III from sample matrices (other taxanes and other compounds) and to determine its concentration in the samples was performed. The samples were prepared from crude Taxus baccata L. needle extracts. The best results were obtained with the buffer containing 25 mmol/dm3 Tris-HCl (pH 9.0), 40 mmol/dm3 sodium dodecyl sulphate and 15% acetonitrile for a wavelength 230 nm (Diode Array Detector). Finally determination of 10-DAB III concentration in T. baccata needles collected from four different populations of Southern Poland was performed (mean concentration respectively: Cisy w Nowej Wsi – 0.135 mg/g d.w., Cisowa Góra – 0.185 mg/g d.w., Zadni Gaj – 0.143 mg/g d.w., Cisy nad Liswartą – 0.150 mg/g d.w.). There were no significant differences in the mean concentration of 10-deacetylbaccatine III among samples from different populations.

5

Influence of initial light intensity and deer browsing on Taxus baccata saplings: a six years field study

84%

Iszkulo G., Nowak-Dyjeta K., Sekiewicz M.

Dendrobiology

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2014

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tom 71

European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a rare species, but is the focus of great interest because of the species recovery attempts and its use in medicine. The aim of this study was to determine the optimum conditions for the development of the young generation of this species. Four-year old yew seedlings were grown under artificial light reduction: 2, 8, and 30%, as well as in full light. The seedlings were then planted in natural conditions in fenced and unfenced areas. The results of six years field studies indicated that the greatest impact on survival was shown by the light conditions from the period before planting under the canopy of trees. Seedlings from the 2 and 8% of light showed the greatest mortality. The reason was the sudden change in light conditions, because at the time of planting (early spring), there was no reduction of light under deciduous trees. Almost all of the unfenced yew seedlings were grazed by deer, but yew survival in the unfenced group was surprisingly high despite the permanent grazing. This was explained by the high resistance of yew to cutting and the protection of seedlings by a dense layer of Rubus. The results indicated that yew trees require protection against animals for normal development, even if animals have not previously had contact with Taxus and that yew seedlings are very sensitive to sudden changes in light. Both conclusions can be applied in the development of natural and artificial regeneration of European yew and other endangered plants.

6

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of yew, cypress and pine litter in Southern Italy

84%

Seniczak S., Seniczak A.

Biological Letters

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2012

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tom 49

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nr 1

7

VitroFosMaK glassy fertilizer in the fertilization of nursery-cultivated yew and ninebark

84%

Lis-Krzyscin A.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

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2010

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tom 09

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nr 4

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of glassy fertilizer as a slow-release fertilizer in container cultivation of Taxus × media and Physocarpus opulifolius in comparison with a common Osmocote Exact fertilizer used in nurseries. Glassy fertilizer granulated to Ø> 0.3 mm and Ø< 0.3 mm was applied in two doses: 3 and 6 g·dm-3. Macroelements, pH and EC were analysed for their content in the substrate. The total length of yew annual shoots was determined. Ninebark was measured for height and number of offshoots; it was also subject to quality classification. Osmocote Exact and coarsely-granulated glassy fertilizer showed systematic release of nutrients. The greatest length of annual shoots was marked on yews fertilized with Osmocote Exact and 3 g VitroFosMaK granulated to Ø< 0.3 mm per 1 dm3 of the substrate. Ninebarks fertilized with glassy fertilizer granulated to Ø< 0.3 mm in the dose of 6 g.dm-3 of the substrate showed the greatest number of offshoots. The most valuable commercial material was obtained when the plants were fertilized with 6 g VitroFosMaK.dm-3 of the substrate.

8

RAPD analysis of genetic structure in four natural populations of Taxus baccata from southern Poland

84%

Zarek M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 2

67-75

This work assessed genetic diversity and genetic structure using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) variation in 120 individuals of four natural populations of Taxus baccata growing in southern Poland (3 in mountains and one in lowland) to obtain basic information on this natural resource. With 9 primers, 185 highly reproducible and clear RAPD bands were obtained. Genetic diversity within populations was relatively high, with percentages of polymorphic bands ranging from 48.65% to 77.30%, averaging 69.59% (Shannon index 0.311). Global AMOVA showed that genetic variation between populations accounted for 26% of total variation, with the remainder (74%) occurring within population. Pairwise ΦPT values were not correlated with geographic distance. Two groups of populations were distinguished by ANOVA and principal coordinate analysis (PCO) based on a Euclidean metric: those growing in mountains (Nowa Wieś, Cisowa Gora, Zadni Gaj), with higher internal diversity, and those growing in lowlands (Liswarta), with lower internal diversity. The results are typical for an outcrossing, wind-pollinated and long-lived woody species

9

Variation in sex expression in Polish and Ukrainian populations of Taxus baccata L.

84%

Iszkulo G., Jasinska A. K.

Dendrobiology

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2004

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tom 52

29-32

The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of monoecious individuals in selected populations of Taxus baccata in Poland and Ukraine. The investigation showed the monoecy in Taxus baccata to be extremely rare phenomenon. Only four cosexual individuals were found in three by seven populations examines and the frequency of monoecy was 0.13% on average among 2986 trees verified. Isolated seeds were found on individuals with large number of male flowers. Only one tree was found with numerous macro- and microstrobiles.

10

The common yew Taxus baccata L. share in Querco roboris-Pinetum [W. Mat. 1981] J. Mat. 1988 in Poland

84%

Glowacka M., Cabala S.

Seria Biologiczna. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

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2004

|

tom 69

11

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

84%

Iszkulo G., Lewandowski A., Jasinska A. K., Dering M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom 55

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nr 4

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered species with restricted occurrence. One or two-year-old yew seedlings occur quite frequently in natural stands of the species, but older seedlings are rarely observed. Therefore we investigated the relationship between light intensity and the growth rate of ten-year-old seedlings of the European yew Taxus baccata (L.). The study was conducted in a preservation area established in 1999 in order to protect the gene pool of the ‘Cisy Staropolskie’ Reserve in the Bory Tucholskie Forest (northern Poland). A total of 570 three-year-old seedlings were planted under the canopy of a 45-year-old forest stand composed of oak (50%), birch (40%) and hornbeam (10%). Measurements of seedling heights were taken in 1999, 2003 and 2005. In 2005, the current annual growth increment was measured. Relative Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (RPPFD) up to 30% had a positive influence on the height and annual height increment of the yews, but most of individuals grew below 5% RPPFD. This suggests that increasing light level would increase growth of yew in both natural recruitment and planting.

12

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) population in Knyazhdvir Nature Reserve in the Carpathians (Ukraine)

84%

Boratynski A., Didukh Y., Lucak M.

Dendrobiology

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2001

|

tom 46

The natural population of yew in the Knyazhdvir Nature Reserve was described and its status has been analyzed. It was stated that more than 22 000 specimens of yew grow there and it is the most numerous population of the species in Ukraine. The most important factor for Taxus baccata occurrence there are the presence of calcium carbonate and humidity of the soils. The height and diameter structures of the population indicate that the population is in progress. The largest specimens in 1976 were of 12 m high and of 30 cm dbh. The natural regeneration is satisfactory. The increment of height of the yew was greater in the conditions of less density of the canopy of beech-fir stand under which the species grows.

13

Factors determining natural regeneration of yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the Kórnik Arboretum

84%

Giertych P.

Dendrobiology

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2000

|

tom 45

All yew plants in the Kórnik Arboretum have been plotted onto maps of individual sectors and analysed with respect to location category (“near trunk”, “under canopy”, “in the open”), size (assumed to reflect age), genus of tree associated with in the “near trunk” category and environmental factors characterising the respective Arboretum sectors. There is practically no regeneration “in the open” (0.2%), most of it 82.5% is “under canopy” and only 17.3% “near the trunk”. It is assumed that thrushes (Turdidae) are primarily responsible for regeneration in the under canopy category (endozoochoria) and nuthatches (Sitta europea L.) in the near trunk category (synzoochoria). Under canopy regeneration exists in all size classes while near the trunk there is a distinct decline in the number of yew plants with increase in size (age) suggesting that conditions for further development there are less favourable. Nutchatches disperse yew seeds in the vicinity of mother plants, for cleaning them preferring trees to shrubs and particularly trees with smooth bark trunks (Fagus, Carpinus), however yew survival near the trunk is better under conifers. Thrushes disperse yew seed over wider areas. Survival of yews is best under loose canopies, in moderate shade, on drier well draining, low pH, soils.

14

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) of the Cisowy Jar reserve near Olecko

84%

Iszkulo G.

Dendrobiology

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2001

|

tom 46

The present paper describes the current situation of yews in the Cisowy Jar Reserve: number, their state of health, height and diameter structure, and the sex ratio. In the result only 25 yews were found. Their state of health was relatively good, but many yews that grew on very heavily shaded stands were characterized by little height accretion and greater leaf reduction than those growing on more sunny positions. There is no continuity of population. No specimens in the height range between 51-100 cm were found. Sparse seedlings die in first years after appearing. Active human help is necessary to protect and to reconstruct the yew population in the reserve.

15

Communities of fungi from roots and rhizosphere of yew [Taxus baccata L.] seedlings and their effect on the pathogenic root fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans [Zinss] Scholten

84%

Manka M.

Phytopathologia Polonica

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1993

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tom 05

16

Fungi colonizing shoots of common yew [Taxus baccata L.] in the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden in Cracow

84%

Mirski W.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2008

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tom 61

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nr 1

The aim of the investigations was determination the reasons of dying down of needles and branches of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the park collection of Botanic Garden of Jagiellonian University in Cracow. The disease changes of infectious nature were observed on the examined plants’ parts. The changes’appearance, its location and extent were described in details. At fi rst the spots were brown colour with distinct hem. Then the needle and branch tissues were dying down. From end of May to July mass falling down of infesteted needles was observed. Mycological analysis of diseased tissues showed 34 fungi species. To the dominant species belonged: Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium spp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Phomopsis juniperivora and Zythiostroma pinastri. Common yew pathogens: Phomopsis juniperivora and Sclerophoma pityophila were found among the isolated fungi.

17

Paclitaxel and cephalomannine in in vitro cultures of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. shoots and plantlets

67%

Oledzka H., Gajdzis-Kulis D., Gaska A., Stefanska K., Bogdanowicz A., Mistrzak P., Olszowska O.

Herba Polonica

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2009

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tom 55

|

nr 3

231-237

Micropropagation of a mature female Taxus cuspidata tree with paclitaxel and cephalomannine content in the needles of 457.6 μg g-1 DW and 340.9 μg g-1 DW, respectively, was elaborated using shoot tips as explants. A new yew clone derived from a seed of the mother plant was also obtained. Single shoots developed from shoot tips on WP mineral basal medium with B5 vitamins (WP-B5) supplemented with 20 mg l-1 BAP and 5 mg l-1 activated charcoal were propagated by 1 cm long segments cultured on hormone-free medium. When WP-B5 medium with 0.3 mg/l 2-iP and 0,1 mg/l IAA was used 92% of shoots rooted within three months. Paclitaxel content in shoots growing on solid medium and in a mist trickling bioreactor was 45.6–86.5 μg g-1 DW. Plantlets from in vitro culture, grown in pots contained 99.0–213.1 μg g-1 paclitaxel and 558.0 μg g-1 DW cephalomannine.

18

Rozmnażanie cisa pospolitego (Taxus baccata L.) oraz możliwości jego restytucji w lasach na przykładzie Nadleśnictwa Kaliska

67%

Nawrocka-Grzeskowiak U., Frydel K.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2009

|

tom 540

Cis pospolity (Taxus baccata L.) na terenie Polski występuje na stanowiskach naturalnych w 33 rezerwatach. Może być odnawiany naturalnie lub sztucznie poprzez rozmnażanie generatywne lub wegetatywne. W Nadleśnictwie Kaliska prowadzone są badania nad restytucją cisa do lasu. Od 1998 roku wysadzono około 4000 sadzonek na 26 powierzchniach w leśnictwach.

19

Dendroecological differences between Taxus baccata males and females in comparison with monoecious Abies alba

67%

Iszkulo G., Jasinska A. K., Sobierajska K.

Dendrobiology

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2011

|

tom 65

Taxus baccata L. is a rare and endangered dioecious species in Europe. Species of this mating system are considered to be the most vulnerable to extinction. It is believed that one reason for this state may be the uneven reproductive effort and different habitat requirements of the two sexes. Silver fir and European yew have very similar ecological requirements, but fir is a monoecious species. The aim of this study was to compare the growth rate andthe effect of precipitation andtemperature on the annual tree-ring width of silver fir and both sexes of European yew. The study site was the Knyazhdvir reserve in western Ukraine, located near the limit of the geographical range of both species. Knyazhdvir reserve is the site of one of the last yew populations in Europe with a large number of individuals (about 15,000 individuals above 1.3 m height) growing alongside fir.Woodsamples were taken from 15 male and15 female specimens of T. baccata andfrom 15 specimens of A. alba and were subjected to a standard dendrochronological procedure. The results showed high positive correlation between the temperatures in February andMarch andthe tree-ring width in the studied species and genders. The response of annual tree-ring width to the examined climatic factors was relatively similar in yew andfir. However slight differences were foundbetween males andfemales of T. baccata. The growth rate decreased more rapidly in females compared to males, probably following sexual maturation. Precipitation in April hada positive effect on firs andfemale yews, but not on male yews. This confirms earlier reports of the requirement of female specimens of dioecious species for a higher humidity than male individuals.

20

Ocena zmiennosci klonow Taxus baccata L. pochodzacych z roznych stanowisk

67%

Galek R., Bikowski P., Bujak H., Sawicka-Sienkiewicz E., Sektas S., Sektas J.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

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2007

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tom 517

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nr 1

293-304

Programme of Conservation and Restitution of the Common Yew in Poland was initiated in 2006. The research determined variability of the species Taxus baccata L. clones originated from different sites, included in the Archive of Clones of Valuable Species in the Forest Inspectorates of Syców. Taxus baccata L. clones were obtained from parent trees growing in the Forest Inspectorate of Lubsko, Wdecki River Landscape Park, Forest Division of Żółwiniec, Forest Inspectorate of Woziwoda, Wierzchlas Reserve and Forest Inspectorate of Czersk. A foil tunnel experiment was established in the Prof. Stefan Białobok Forest Arboretum situated within the Forest Inspectorate of Syców. Each site was represented by the group of 100 clones. Eight months after the date of rooting process commencement the degree of rooting (%), number of lateral branches and length of spring shoots (cm) were estimated. The following morphological and anatomical observations and measurements were carried out: the number of stomatal apparatuses per 25000 pm² and their length (μm), thickness and width of needles (μm), size of needles of the layer of spongy and palisade parenchyma as well as the vascular bundles (μm). The results obtained were analyzed statistically. Cluster analysis was used to distinguish the groups among studied genotypes and to determine the distances between particular groups. Statistically significant variability of Taxus baccata plants originating from different sites was found for all characters studied. The seedlings from the first site - the Lubsko Forest Inspectorate - showed the highest rooting degree as well as the most advantageous number and length of spring shoots. The anatomical features of needles analyzed turned out to be helpful in determination of the variability in studied material relative to the origin.

Ograniczanie wyników

Postglacial migration dynamics helps to explain current scattered distribution of Taxus baccata

Acclimation of current-year and previous-year needles of common yew (Taxus baccata L.) to irradiance conditions

Allelopathic effects and secondary metabolites in life yew (Taxus spp.)

Determination of 10-deacetylbaccatine III in Taxus baccata needles by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

Influence of initial light intensity and deer browsing on Taxus baccata saplings: a six years field study

Oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) of yew, cypress and pine litter in Southern Italy

VitroFosMaK glassy fertilizer in the fertilization of nursery-cultivated yew and ninebark

RAPD analysis of genetic structure in four natural populations of Taxus baccata from southern Poland

Variation in sex expression in Polish and Ukrainian populations of Taxus baccata L.

The common yew Taxus baccata L. share in Querco roboris-Pinetum [W. Mat. 1981] J. Mat. 1988 in Poland

Light limitation of growth in 10-year-old seedlings of Taxus baccata L. [European yew]

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) population in Knyazhdvir Nature Reserve in the Carpathians (Ukraine)

Factors determining natural regeneration of yew (Taxus baccata L.) in the Kórnik Arboretum

The yew (Taxus baccata L.) of the Cisowy Jar reserve near Olecko

Communities of fungi from roots and rhizosphere of yew [Taxus baccata L.] seedlings and their effect on the pathogenic root fungus Cylindrocarpon destructans [Zinss] Scholten

Fungi colonizing shoots of common yew [Taxus baccata L.] in the Jagiellonian University Botanic Garden in Cracow

Paclitaxel and cephalomannine in in vitro cultures of Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc. shoots and plantlets

Rozmnażanie cisa pospolitego (Taxus baccata L.) oraz możliwości jego restytucji w lasach na przykładzie Nadleśnictwa Kaliska

Dendroecological differences between Taxus baccata males and females in comparison with monoecious Abies alba

Ocena zmiennosci klonow Taxus baccata L. pochodzacych z roznych stanowisk