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This article reviews the actual world FMD situation. In 2000, fifty nine countries officially reported outbreaks of FMD. The disease occurred in Europe (Greece), Asia (Russia, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Japan, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, in Caucasian region - Georgia, Azerbaijan and Armenia as well as in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan), Africa (Egypt, Kenya, Mauritania, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Malawi, Namibia, Zambia and Zimbabwe) and in South America (Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador and Venezuela). In 2001, FMD was still spreading throughout the endemic regions and appeared in some of the west European countries - Great Britain, the Netherlands, France and Ireland. In South America, FMD occurred in Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Colombia. In Asia the FMD spread in Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Mongolia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Iran, Bhutan, Nepal, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Taiwan. The FMD situation in Africa was unclear, but probably most countries in West, East and South Africa were affected. The most recent data of the OIE from May 2002 confirmed FMD outbreaks in population of pigs in Republic of Korea.
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Winery corporations in Europe and in the world

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The global grape and wine market has been rearranged during the past 15 years. Over the course of events, as new world wines gained ground, further emerging countries joined in and the production of old world wines decreased, giving rise to a new era. It was affected by globalization that placed concentrated markets in an advantageous position. As a result, there is a growing emphasis on the formation of vine growth and wine production collaboration networks in case of both the new world and European countries, which are able to provide solutions to global challenges arising as a result of global wine market development. In European wine producing countries with great traditions, integration, necessary for the stable operation of the sector, was established much earlier, typically in the form of producer cooperatives. In new areas, concentration began later, thus forming clusters constituting an appropriate form in many cases. This paper examines the necessity of cooperation and overviews the advantages and drawbacks that can be obtained from it. It compares wine producing collaboration networks in European countries and areas overseas. The aim of the study is to find the most important attributes leading to success.
The paper presents the current state of knowledge of the family Protoplophoridae and results of its critical taxonomie and nomenclature analysis. One subfamily, two genera, one subgenus and three species are synonymised. Arthroplophorinae Mahunka, 1994 with Protoplophoridae Ewing, 1917, the genus Tauroplophora Gordeeva, Niemi et Petrova-Nikitina, 1998 with Grandjeanoplophora Balogh et Mahunka, 1979, the genus Archaeoplophora Subias et Arillo, 2002 with genus Protoplophora Berlese, 1910, the subgenus - Siciliophora Bernini, 1983 with Prototritia (Berlese, 1916) and the species: Arthrhoplophora berlesei Mahunka, 1977 with Arthrhoplophora vulpes Berlese, 1916, Aedoplophora africana Mahunka, 1977 with Prototritia armadillo (Berlese, 1916) and Cryptoplophora asiatica Gordeeva, Niemi et Petrova-Nikitina, 1998 with Cryptoplophora abscondita Grandjean, 1932. At present the family is represented by 28 species from the 10 following genera: Cryptoplophora Grandjean, 1932, Bursoplophora Subias et Perez-Inigo, 1978, Aedoplophora Grandjean, 1932, Arthroplophora Berlese, 1910, Hauseroplophora Mahunka, 1977, Prototritia (Berlese, 1916), Protoplophora Berlese, 1910, Csibiplophora Mahunka, 1984, Grandjeanoplophora Balogh et Mahunka, 1979, Neoprototritia Shereef, 1978. Diagnoses of all taxa are given. A key for identification of the genera and species is proposed.
The World species of Rhopalocerus Redtenbacher are reviewed, figured and keyed. The following new species are described: B. camerunensis (Cameroon); B. viti (Togo); B. mirei (Cameroon); B. minimus (Madagascar); B. tuberculatus (Madagascar); B. compa- ctus (Key Island); B. papuanus (New Guinea); B. iviei (New Guinea); B. solomonensis (Solomon Isl.). The generic names Corticoides Fairmaire and Bhopalocerophanus Helleb are considered as synonyms of Bhopalocerus, which forms monogeneric tribe Bhopalocerini. The immature stages and biology of B. rondanii (Villa et Villa) are fully described for the first time. A preliminary key to the World tribes of Oolydiidae and brief discussion are provided.
The implementation of Ecohydrology (EH) – a transdisciplinary problem-solving science - has to be based upon the development of system solutions for river basins which have to harmonise hydrological processes with ecosystems dynamics and societies’ needs. The network of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme EH Demonstration Projects was organised for scientific advancement, knowledge transfer, calibration of methods, education and capacity building. From the methodological point of view, the goal has been to accelerate transition from the stage of information collection and knowledge development into wisdom generation, which in practical dimension means a shift from understanding of relationships and patterns to understanding of processes and finally, formulation of principles for action. The selected Demonstration Projects from different continents cover the broad scope of water, ecosystem and society problems in such ecological systems as basin landscapes, wetlands/grasslands and floodplains, cities, lakes & reservoirs and estuaries & costal zones. This unique set of projects of large scale, long term testing and development by adaptive assessment and management, has become not only a fundamental lesson for costefficient implementation of the ecohydrology principles for IWRM, but also a starting point for "engineering harmony" between society and environment.
Physical activity is one of the most important elements of a healthy lifestyle, and its lack or insufficient amounts can lead to serious health disorders. There are many adult diseases which are associated with the behaviour, lifestyle during puberty, including physical inactivity. It was therefore decided in this study to present the physical activity of young people from six countries in the world in the context of different variables. The following countries: Brazil, Spain, Poland, Czech Republic, Norway and Nepal were selected for comparison. Although all studies used the same standardized research tool, ie. the International Physical Activity Questionnaire IPAQ, in the course of analysis, the authors encountered difficulties with comparability, associated with the usage of various methods and data processing, which could result in different or reduced comparability. Consequently, it was decided not to make a detailed comparative analysis of individual research results and the presentation of the key conclusions brought about selected studies worldwide. Analyses of studies which have been conducted in different cultural contexts, confirm once again the thesis of the decline in physical activity levels with age for both girls and boys. Gender quite substantially differentiated physical efforts in adolescents. Girls at the age of adolescence are less physically active than boys. It was also noted that the increase of sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents and their disastrous consequences have an impact on the health and life in this age group, the studies of sedentary lifestyle have become a very important subject of many studies. Girls are still “more sedentary” than boys. Many authors, in order to ensure the reliability and relevance of their research, complied with the objective instrument eg. accelerometer or metabolic analyzer.
Humans have developed strong emotional connections with horses throughout the centuries, and horses continue to occupy a special place among other livestock animals. For this reason, horses are reared industrially for slaughter only in some countries. Horse meat is characterized by a high content of protein of high biological value and low levels of fat with a desirable fatty acid profile. Aged horse meat has a long shelf life, and it is an attractive food and raw material for further processing. The high demand for high quality raw horse meat creates new opportunities for breeders, and it could become an alternative or supplementary source of income for traditional livestock farms.
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