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1

A rare variation of the vertebral artery

100%
Shoja M. M., Tubbs R. S., Khaki A. A., Shokouhi G., Farahani R. M., Moein A.
Folia Morphologica
|
2006
|
tom 65
|
nr 2
167-170
Variations of the vertebrobasilar arterial complex are important with regard to their potential clinical impact. We present an unusual case of the vertebral artery, in which the left vertebral artery in its ascent in the neck through the transverse foramina passed posteriorly between the transverse processes of C3 and C4 and supplied the posterior muscles of the neck without continuing intracranially. Albeit speculatively, we hypothesise that the variation of the vertebral artery reported here was caused by degeneration of the proximal portion of the left postcostal longitudinal anastomosis (i.e. C1 and C2 intersegmental arteries) in the context of a persistent third cervical intersegmental artery. Our case is unique in that the left vertebral artery terminated extracranially. Knowledge of the variations of the vertebrobasilar arterial complex is important for surgeons operating at the skull base, craniocervical junction, and cervical region, and for clinicians interpreting the imaging of this region.
2

Anatomical variations in the branches of the human aortic arch: a recent study of a South Australian population

86%
Bhatia K., Ghabriel M. N., Henneberg M.
Folia Morphologica
|
2005
|
tom 64
|
nr 3
Variations of the branches of the aortic arch are likely to occur as a result of the altered development of certain branchial arch arteries during the embryonic period of gestation. In the present investigation the pattern of branches of the aortic arch was studied in 81 cadavers from a recent South Australian population of European descent, who have migrated to (n = 38) or were born and lived in (n = 43) South Australia during the twentieth century. Two principal variations were noted in the present study. Firstly, in 6 cadavers, the left vertebral artery originated directly from the arch of the aorta, between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. The 6 subjects were among the subgroup born in South Australia, giving an incidence of 13.95%, which is much higher than in previous reports. The overall incidence of 7.41%, when related to the whole group, is also higher than incidences reported in other populations. The presence of this variation suggests that in some individuals part of the aortic arch is formed from the left 7th inter-segmental artery. Secondly, none of the cadavers examined had the thyroidea ima artery, contrasting with previously reported incidences that varied between 4% and 10%. Since all 6 cadavers with the left vertebral artery variant were born in South Australia, it is suggested that environmental factors may have contributed to this variation. Significant environmental changes in South Australia around the turn of the twentieth century are discussed. This study represents the first systematic investigation of the branches of the aortic arch in a South Australian population and provides data relevant to the practice of medicine.
3

Anomalous origin of the left vertebral artery from the arch of the aorta: review of the literature and a case report

86%
Jayanthi V., Prakash O., Nirmala Devi M., Geethanjali B. S., Rajini T.
Folia Morphologica
|
2010
|
tom 69
|
nr 4
The present report describes an anomalous case of the left vertebral artery arising from the aortic arch between the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery in a male cadaver during dissection in an anatomical laboratory. Aortic origin of the vertebral artery is a rare anatomic variant. Detailed knowledge of anomalous origin is important for patients who undergo four- -vessel angiography. Normally, the vertebral artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery on both sides. We also review the anomalous origin of the vertebral artery in the literature and discuss its clinical significance. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 258–260)
4

Transverse subisthmic course of the innominate artery in an adult: detailed anatomy and additional variation

72%
Rusu M. C., Boscu A. L.
Folia Morphologica
|
2010
|
tom 69
|
nr 4
A rare morphology of an aberrant innominate artery (IA) is reported here, together with additional arterial variation encountered in the respective specimen. The IA originated in the aortic arch on the left side of the trachea, coursed on that side of the trachea to reach the left thyroid lobe, turned in at a right angle to pass anterior to the trachea and immediately inferior and parallel to the thyroid isthmus, and finally it divided inferior to the right thyroid lobe into the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. The right common carotid artery immediately turned at a right angle to ascend in the neck. Thus the terminal branches of the IA had origins in a higher position than is usually expected. This aberrant course of the IA determined a step-like morphology in the sagittal plane of the left common carotid artery. Additional variations were also encountered: (a) a lateralised right external carotid artery with the superior thyroid artery initially coursing over the internal carotid artery; (b) the right vertebral artery coursing over the inferior thyroid artery and entering the transverse process of the fifth cervical vertebra; (c) the left subclavian and vertebral arteries were tortuous. Knowledge of the presence of this IA variant, with a transverse subisthmic segment, appears to be important in various surgical approaches, such as tracheostomies, thyroidectomies, and mediastinoscopies; in addition, the variations of the IA and the vertebral arteries are relevant for lower cervical spine approaches. Nevertheless, the lateralised external carotid artery may lead, if unidentified, to hemorrhagic complications during carotid space approaches. It is important for surgeons to be aware that if an aberrant IA is identified it may not be the only variation in that patient. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 261–266)
5

Arteries of the brain in wild European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758)

72%
Brudnicki W., Nowicki W., Skoczylas B., Brudnicki A., Kirkillo-Stacewicz K., Wach J.
Folia Biologica
|
2012
|
tom 60
|
nr 3-4
6

Nerve branches of the sympathetic trunk to the cervical part of the vertebral artery in human fetuses

72%
Korzeniowska-Kromer E., Kromer P., Wozniak W.
Folia Morphologica
|
1986
|
tom 45
|
nr 1
7

Rare cases of arteries branching directly from aortic arch in the man

72%
Czerwinski F., Mierzwa A., Krzanowski K., Michalska G.
Folia Morphologica
|
1993
|
tom 52
|
nr 4
8

Vascularization of the brain in guinea pig. II. Regions of vascular supply and spatial topography of the arteries in particular parts of the brain

72%
Majewska-Michalska E.
Folia Morphologica
|
1995
|
tom 54
|
nr 1
9
Content available remote

Countercurrent transfer of dopamine from venous blood in the cavernous sinus to the arterial blood supplying the brain - the perfused rabbit head as an experimental model

58%
Muszak J., Krzymowski T., Gilun P., Stefanczyk-Krzymowska S.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|
2014
|
tom 65
|
nr 5
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