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1

Determination of gestational age by measuring fetal heart diameter with transrectal ultrasonograph in sheep

100%

Oral H., Pancarci S. M., Gungor O., Kacar C.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2007

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tom 63

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nr 12

1558-1560

The study investigated the efficacy of fetal heart diameter for estimating gestational age by using transrectal ultrasonograph. For this purpose, two experiments (two stages of study) were performed on 36 fat-tailed sheep. In the first experiment, when the pregnancies had been detected 30 days after breeding (day 0), fetal heart, biparietal and trunk diameters were measured at 15-day intervals between days 40 and 100 of pregnancy to compare the estimated and actual gestational ages in 28 ewes. In the second experiment - a blind study - gestational ages were estimated at unknown ages of pregnancy by the operator in 8 ewes. There were positive correlations (p < 0.01) between the estimated and actual gestational ages determined by fetal heart, biparietal and body trunk diameters in stage I and stage II of the study, respectively (r = 0.99, r = 0.99; r = 0.99 and r = 0.89, r = 0.91, r = 0.97). In conclusion, transrectal ultrasonographic examination was reliable tool to estimate gestational age between days 40 and 100 of pregnancy, and estimatiing gestational age by fetal heart diameter was as reliable as that estimated by biparietal and trunk diameters.

2

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Ultrasonography of the canine shoulder joint and its pathological changes

100%

Piorek A., Adamiak Z.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 1

193-200

The objective of this study was to present and discuss the available data on canine shoulder joint ultrasonography. The paper presents the method of ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder joint area, describes the normal structure of the shoulder joint in dogs, and discusses the most frequently encountered shoulder joint pathologies.

3

Is manual foot length measurement of comparable value to ultrasound femur and humerus measurement in anatomical studies for the assessment of foetal age?

100%

Bulandra A. M., Kuczera M., Machnik J., Kuczera B. M., Gielecki J. S.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

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nr 2

Contemporary anatomical studies require reliable methods for determining foetal age. Menstrual age is often found to be inadequate. A combination of several anatomical features showing age-dependency may result both in exact age approximation and pathology detection. The authors compared the manual foot length measurements with the ultrasound femur and humerus length measurements of aborted foetuses in the calculation of foetal age. The correlation between femur length and foot length as well as humerus length and foot length were statistically significant. The expected value formulae for foot length are presented. The authors conclude that foetal age assessment based on foot length metering is reliable before the 7th calendar month of pregnancy and correlates with ultrasound measurements of the humerus and femur.

4

Analysis of human embryos and fetus gestational age on basis of biparietal diameter

100%

Adamczak R., Szymanski W., Klyszejko C., Nowak D., Adamczak I.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2000

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tom 42

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nr 1

5

Ultrasonographic examination of gallbladder contractility in the sheep

100%

Romanski K. W., Siembieda J.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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1998

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tom 01

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nr 1

To develop a new animal model for gallbladder ultrasonography 16 adult sheep of both sexes were used. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed in fed or fasted sheep every 30 min for 3-5 h. Every gallbladder was visualized, then its maximal length, height and width were measured. Afterwards, the gallbladder volume was calculated with three methods. The maximal and minimal values of gallbladder volume in both fed and fasted animals differed significantly (p < 0.05) indicating the existence of gallbladder contractions detectable in both states examined. The results of gallbladder volumes calculated with various methods were also significantly different. The values obtained from the method describing the gallbladder as a cone were about 50% lower than that obtained from two ellipsoid methods. The validation study showed that the true value remained somewhere between the values obtained indirectly. This warrants further investigation, however.

6

Diagnostic difficulties in the differentiation of urine retention and developmental anomalies in the pelvicalyceal system in the ultrasound examination of children

100%

Wieczorkiewicz-Plaza A., Zajaczkowska M., Radzikowska E., Maciejewski R.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

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nr 2

Ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity is part of the baseline diagnostics of urinary tract diseases. Dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system is one of the most frequent findings. In ultrasonography of the urinary tract there are, however, some images of anatomical anomalies of the pelvicalyceal system which should not be consider as abnormal. In the study we analysed 920 ultrasound examinations of the urinary tract. Of all the ultrasound images only those with isolated dilatation of the renal pelvises and calices were selected (130 cases). Ampulla-shaped and/or external pelvises, isolated calices or both abnormalities were disclosed in 104, 46 and 20 cases, respectively. In about one-third of patients additional examinations (voiding cystography, intravenous urography, renal scyntygraphy) were performed which revealed normal anatomy of the urinary tract and disorders of urine flow in 80% and 20% of patients, respectively. In conclusion, the study implies that not all dilatation of the pelvicalyceal system structures signifies urine retention, although in the event of further doubt, there is a need for additional diagnostics.

7

Preliminary results on ultrasound examinations of pig ovaries during post-weaning period

100%

Szczebiot A., Janowski T., Lukaszewicz G., Socha P.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2008

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tom 52

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nr 3

The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasound examination in determining the dynamics of ovarian follicular growth, estimating the time of ovulation, and diagnosing the pathological state of the ovary in the period after weaning. The examinations were conducted under commercial farm conditions on primiparous (n=20) and multiparous sows (n=20). In the experiment, a Scanner 200 and a linear 5-MHz probe were used. The sows were examined by a non-invasive transcutaneous method. In about 20% of the females, the presence of small (1-2 mm) ovarian follicles was observed on the day of weaning, whereas in the majority of animals these ovarian structures were not detected. It was shown that in most animals the dynamics of follicular growth on the days following weaning differed only slightly between the two groups and oestrus occurred on days 4-5. At the beginning of oestrus, the average size of ovarian follicles in the multiparous sows was 5.23 ±1.36 mm and was larger than that observed in the primiparous sows (3.42 ±1.87 mm, P<0.01). It was also observed that in the group of the multiparous sows, the maximum diameter of the follicles prior to ovulation, amounting to 7.81 ±1.26 mm, was larger than in the primiparous sows (6.06 ±1.77 mm, P<0.01). The time of ovulation in both groups of animals was typical and fell on the third day of oestrus. During the examinations, one case of a single ovarian cyst and one case of multiple cysts were detected, which amounted, in total, to 4.5% of the animals examined. Ovarian afunction (lack of follicles) was observed in another 4.5% of the sows in this experiment. This study confirmed the usefulness of transcutaneous ultrasound imaging of pig ovaries for the evaluation of their physiological and pathological conditions.

8

Significance of ultrasonography in evaluation of parotid and submandibular glands in patients with lymphonodular toxoplasmosis

100%

Pietrzak-Kaczmarek H., Kordylewska M., Kociecka W.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1998

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tom 44

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nr 3

9

Transrectal ultrasonography in diagnosing the ovulation rate in sheep

100%

Slosarz P., Frankowska A., Mis M.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2003

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tom 21

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nr 3

On the day of ovulation and next on day 7 after ovulation the ovaries of 20 sheep were examined using the transrectal ultrasound method. To verify the results, similar examination was made with the laparoscopic method. Depending on the stage of the sexual cycle (day 1 vs day 7) the number of Graafian follicles (∅ ≥5 mm) was determined as well as the total number of corpora lutea found in both ovaries. Out of the total number of 53 Graafian follicles found laparoscopically, 42 (79,2%) were detected with the ultrasound method. The detectability of corpora lutea with the ultrasound method was found similar (79,5%). A considerable improvement in the accuracy of ultrasonic measuring was observed when the determinations were repeated next year. This reflects the effect of the experience gathered by the person taking the measurements.

10

Possibilities of using ultrasonography in breeding work with pigs. Part III - Estimation of carcass meat content using regression equations developed from ultrasonographic measurements

84%

Tyra M., Szyndler-Nedza M., Eckert R.

Annals of Animal Science

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2011

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tom 11

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nr 3

11

The application of ultrasonography (USG) technique for assessment of muscularity of Berrichon du Cher and Polish Merino lambs at the age of 70 days

84%

Niznikowski R., Oprzadek A., Glowacz K., Strzelec E., Czub G., Swiatek M., Slezak M.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2014

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tom 53

The research was conducted on 106 Polish Merino lambs in 2010–2013 and 221 Berrichon du Cher lambs in 2008–2013 (except 2009). The research took place in GRH Żydowo near Gniezno. Animal muscularity was tested by USG technique on mld muscle cross section. Based on obtained results, the effect of type of birth, sex, father origin and class of scrapie resistance and double-factor interactions were statistically insignifi cant impact (except interactions sex × year of birth on round of “eye” of loin) on muscularity traits of Polish Merino and Berrichon du Cher lambs, highly statistical signifi cant effect of the year of birth on USG measurement traits p ≤ 0.01 (except spread width of “eye” of loin in Polish Merino breed). No effect of scrapie resistance class for muscularity traits indicates the possibility of freely conduct breeding work towards increasing resistant to scrapie genetics, without a negative impact on muscularity of lambs of both breeds. Strongly infl uence of year of the research as an environmental factor on the level of muscularity of lambs of both breeds at the age of 70 days has been shown, rather than the type of birth, sex, father origin or class of genetic resistance to scrapie.

12

Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in canine liver examination

84%

Wdowiak M., Rychlik A., Nieradka R., Nowicki M.

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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2010

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tom 13

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nr 4

Ultrasonography is a noninvasive diagnostic tool used to image size, shape, parenchyma and vascularization of various body organs. Unfortunately, the ultrasonographic image is characterized by a low contrast due to similar acoustic properties of the soft tissue. The Doppler mode provides information about blood flow, but is incapable of imaging small vessels and capillaries because of their low blood flow velocity (1 mm/s). However, a possibility to increase the effectiveness of ultrasonographic diagnostics exists, thanks to intravenous ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) consisted of gas microbubbles. The purpose of this review paper is to characterize specific imaging techniques necessary to conduct a contrast-enhanced liver examination and indications for CEUS as an alternative diagnostic method.

13

Use of early conception factor test for determining pregnancy and embryonic mortality status of dairy cows

84%

Bastan A., Ozenc E., Ceyhun Macun H., Baki Acar D., Gungor O.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2007

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tom 63

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nr 06

670-673

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the ECF test for detecting the pregnancy status and embryonic mortality and to compare the reliability of ECF test from among ultrasonography and serum progesterone level. In this study, two groups were designed: the study group (n = 15) and control group (n = 9). All cows were observed for estrus activity four times daily. Cows in the study group were inseminated. After insemination, at the 7, 20, 30 and 45th days ECF test and ultrasonographic examination were applied to check the pregnancy status. Cows in the control group were not inseminated and examination procedure was performed like in the study group. Twenty days after insemination, pregnant positive cows that had been determined by ultrasonography were designated the study group. Twenty days after insemination, ECF test were applied and progesterone levels were determined in the serum samples obtained from pregnant positive cows. Fifteen cows in the study group were checked 20 days after insemination and determined pregnant. Their pregnancy status was confirmed 20 days after insemination by using ultrasonography. In the 30th and 45th days ultrasonography was repeated, after which 13 cows were determined pregnant. In the serum of these two cows progesterone levels fell under 2 ng/ml. However, in the 20th day these cows’ progesterone levels was higher than 2 ng/ml, in two cows embryonic death occurred. In cows which were determined as pregnant by ultrasonography at the 20th day, the ECF test was applied at the 7th day and 10 cows from this group had a positive reaction (66.7%). Test specificity, PPV and NPV results were 44.4%, 66.7% and 44.4% respectively; at the 20th day the ECF test was positive for 9 cows (60%), specificity, PPV and NPV results were 33.3%, 60.0% and 33.3%; at the 30th day, the ECF test was positive for 12 cows (92.3%), test specificity, PPV and NPV results were 45.5%, 66.7% and 83.3%; at the 45th day, 10 cows (76.9%), test specificity, PPV and NPV results were 54.5%, 66.7% and 66.7% respectively. Between the study groups, the ECF test accuracy at the 7th and 20th days were found lower than at the other days. The test’s accuracy was determined the highest at the 30th day (70.8%), and the lowest at the 20th day (50%). The results show that ECF test is an unreliable method for pregnancy diagnosis and for determining embryonic death in dairy cows and these data indicate that the current ECF test cannot accurately identify the nonpregnant cows.

14

Gallbladder interstitial Cajal-like cells and gallbladder contractility in patients with cholelithiasis: a prospective study

84%

Ding R., Wei J., Xu J.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica

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2019

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tom 57

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nr 2

15

Effectiveness of early pregnancy diagnostics in sheep depending on ultrasound examination method applied

84%

Slosarz P., Frankowska A., Dobrzynski S., Frackowiak A.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry

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2007

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tom 10

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nr 2

16

Clinical applications of imaging modalities of the carpal joint in dogs with particular reference to the carpal canal

84%

Tobolska A., Adamiak Z., Glodek J.

Journal of Veterinary Research

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2020

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tom 64

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nr 1

17

Glandular cystic hyperplasia of endometrium-pyometra complex

84%

Valocky I., Mojzisova J.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2006

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tom 62

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nr 04

363-365

Glandular cystic hyperplasia of endometrium/pyometra complex (GCHE-PC) in bitches is a disease which presents several diagnostic and prognostic challenges. The complex pathological process and systemic manifestations of the disease, the potential need for emergency treatment and the owner's desire to maintain the breeding performance of the bitch, are all factors that should be taken into consideration. This review aimed at conducting a thorough diagnostic plan in order to achieve several parameters related to the monitoring and the subsequent treatment of cystic glandular hyperplasia of endometrium pyometra complex. Detailed information on the history and the clinical findings of sick bitches facilitated making an initial selection into two groups: those referred for surgical treatment and those referred for medical treatment. This selection was further clarified by ultrasonographic imaging procedure. USG was found to be an accurate diagnostic tool because of its high level of correlation to patho-anatomical findings. USG facilitates distinguishing densities of the uterine content, internal uterine wall structures and uterine wall thickness.In this study it was found to be a valuable tool in determining the ideal treatment programme and estimating the prognosis for each given case. Ultrasonography proved to be more precise and conclusive than roentgenology in determining the type and location of the pathological process and the extent of the lesion. This review recommends the most potent antibiotics that may be used either concurrently with prostaglandin therapy or in cases when emergency treatment is indicated in bitches with advanced GCHE-PC.

18

Gullo’s syndrome – case report

84%

Rycyk A., Furtak P., Madro A., Kasztelan-Szczerbinska B., Cichoz-Lach H.

Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research

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2020

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tom 14

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nr 4

19

Predicting the parturition date in Yorkshire Terrier and Golden Retriever bitches using ultrasonographic fetometry

84%

Socha P., Janowski T.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2011

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tom 55

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nr 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of the ultrasonographic fetometry involving inner chorionic cavity diameter (ICC) and biparietal diameter (BP) measurements for predicting the parturition date in two dog breeds: the Yorkshire Terrier and Golden Retriever. Additionally, the authors studied whether developing specific mathematical formulas for predicting parturition dates in the breeds was justified. In the group of Yorkshire Terrier bitches, 12 ICC measurements and 14 BP measurements were taken. In the Golden Retrievers the ICC was measured 8 times and BP - 10 times. The obtained values were substituted into Luvoni-Grioni formulas, taking into account the body mass before pregnancy. Due to the lack of earlier studies on dogs with a body mass over 25 kg, the parturition date for the Golden Retrievers was calculated using formulas for medium-sized dogs (body mass 10-25 kg). In the case of the Yorkshire Terriers, formulas for dogs smaller than 10 kg were used. The method proved to be highly useful in predicting the accuracy of the parturition date in both breeds. Prediction accuracy in the Golden Retrievers reached 80% to 100%, depending on the type of measurement used, and precision levels. In the Yorkshire Terriers, the accuracy reached 57%-93%. Comparing the effectiveness of the parturition date prediction in the two breeds, no statistically significant differences were found. Regression lines based on the authors' own fetometric measurements were highly convergent with the lines defined by the Luvoni-Grioni formulas. The only statistically significant difference was found in BP measurements in the Golden Retrievers; this suggests that the commonly used Luvoni-Grioni formula should be modified when applied to large dog breeds.

20

Application of ultrasonography in the liver echinococcosis diagnostics

84%

Owczarczyk-Skoczynska M., Grzeszczuk A., Olenski J.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1998

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tom 44

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nr 3

Ograniczanie wyników

Determination of gestational age by measuring fetal heart diameter with transrectal ultrasonograph in sheep

Ultrasonography of the canine shoulder joint and its pathological changes

Is manual foot length measurement of comparable value to ultrasound femur and humerus measurement in anatomical studies for the assessment of foetal age?

Analysis of human embryos and fetus gestational age on basis of biparietal diameter

Ultrasonographic examination of gallbladder contractility in the sheep

Diagnostic difficulties in the differentiation of urine retention and developmental anomalies in the pelvicalyceal system in the ultrasound examination of children