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Introduction. pending on the application of laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) in the treatment of solid thyroid nodules for today is the definition of indications and contraindications, techniques and technology performance, efficiency and improved long-term results. The aim of the study. Studing the effect of LITT on parathyroid tissue and functional capacity of thyroid gland, determining the factors affecting the timing of replacement of host connective tissue and its capacity to develop evidence to reapply thermotherapy. Materials and methods. using the LITT there were treated 272 patients with a nodular goiter with no signs of cystic degeneration. All patients – women from 22 to 68 years. The volume of nodules was within the range from 0.8 to 5.0 cm3. On ultrasonic characteristics, in particular echoic nodules were: 46 – hypoechoic, 189 – isochoric and 37 – hyperechoic. There was used a diode laser Lakhta Milon. LITT was performed on such parameters: the wavelength of 1060 nm, continuous operation, output power ranging from 2.5 to 3.2 watts. LITT was controlled by ultrasound. Changes in the nodule, parathyroid tissue and gland function after LITT was determined on the second day after 2 weeks, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the procedure. Results and discussion. on the second day after laser thermotherapy aseptic inflammation develops in nodules, but their size increases on 25–30 %. Later, in a certain period the survey, the size of nodules decreased, rates of hormonal function did not changed. 6 months after LITT with sizes of nodules up to 2 cm3 complete replacement of connective tissue occurred in all cases of hypo- and isochoric nodes and 71% - hyperechoic, and in sizes from 2 to 5 cm3 – 75% of hypoechoic structures, 18 % and isochoric there was no beneficial effect hyperechoic nodes. In cases of treatment failure called for the repeated LITT, after which all patients had complete reduction of the nodule. Conclusions. in the developed mode LITT does not cause destructive changes in parathyroid tissue and hormonal gland function. Duration of regression and replacement of the nodule by connective tissue determines it’s echogenicity and volume. Indications for re-use of thermotherapy is the residual tissue at the nodule within the more than 42 % of the initial volume in six months after treatment and the presence in it thyroid epithelium.
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Noonan syndrome is a congenital developmental disorder characterized by short stature, facial dysmorphia, congenital heart defects and skeletal anomalies, with as estimated incidence of between one per 1000 and one per 2500 live births. The aim of our study is to present a case of dental surgical treatment of a child with such disorder. It is widely reported that children with mental disabilities receive less dental and medical care than their nondisabled counterparts. Because of this problem, it seems justified to describe the procedures of treating such children with dental issues, basing on a case of a girl with Noonan Syndrome.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of two different methods of partial prostatectomy, to evaluate the influence of 96° ethanol injection on hyperplastic prostate and to compare the efficacy of ethanol injection with the efficacy of surgical treatment of the prostate. The study was performed in the years 20012003 in the surgical department of Dr. L. Kriauèeliûnas Small Animal Clinic. The surgical treatment (prostatectomy) was performed on 8 dogs using 2 methods: fillet and subcapsular. We compared the effectiveness and postoperative hystological evaluation of bioptats one and two weeks after surgery. We have performed ethanol injection on 5 dogs and evaluated the histological feature of prostatic tissues after injection to measure the effect of ethanol. The fillet method is technically simpler, shorter and the tissues of the prostate heal more quickly. Ethanol injection induces multi-focular coagulative necrosis, followed by fibrosis and atrophy of the prostate. This way of treatment is simpler and easier because there are no sections through prostate tissues. To avoid a section of the abdominal wall, a transurethral catheter can be used for the ethanol injection.
Various types of hypospadias and methods of surgical treatment of this anomaly in 6 dogs was described in this article. Methods of surgical treatment were set up individually for each case and depended on the type of hypospadias and coexisting anomalies. Shortening of the penis was performed in two dogs, amputation in three cases and an urethral reconstruction in one patient. Castration was performed in three cases. Persistent frenulum of the prepuce was found in two dogs. Additionally three patients were submitted to the plastic surgery of the prepuce anomalies. In one dog, the loose and free falling part of the prepuce was suspended and attached to the abdominal integument according to the original own method. In all dogs, uncomplicated wound healing was observed. Surgical procedures resulted in improved cosmesis with reducing clinical signs of hypospadias and other coexistent anomalies.
The prevalence of feline lower tract disease, irrespective of cause, has been reported to be approximately 1.5% to 8%. It has been estimated that 10% to 20% of cats with these disorders have urethral plugs or urolithiasis. Most of the small diameter calculi do not produce any problems in animals. However, the larger ones can become lodged in the urethra and obstruction may then ensue. Cats with urethral strictures are more susceptible to becoming obstructed. Abnormalities can develop as a result of repeated past procedures within or around the urethra urinary tract. Subsequently, obstruction can develop in one, two or more segments of the urethra. The occlusions frequently occur in a single segment of the urethra, but sometimes multiple occlusions are present in the same patient. The treatment of elderly cats can be challenging. This article presents the case of a 15-year-old male cat with obstructions in two segments of the urethra successfully treated with surgery. The cat recovered although it required multiple hours of surgery and the post-operative course had been complicated. Surgical treatment of urethral obstruction can be successful even in elderly cats.
Digestive system neoplasms pose a serious health problem both in Poland and abroad. Neoplasms are frequently considered to be caused by impaired homeostasis in the human body. Development of neoplasms may be linked to disturbances in concentration of elements, including magnesium as a major intracellular cation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the concentration of magnesium in plasma and tissue samples taken from patients suffering from neoplasms of the stomach or the large intestine. The study involved 35 patients, including 20 affected by stomach cancer and 15 suffering from large intestine cancer. The patients were in the age rage of 36-77. The material included blood samples taken from patients before and seven days after surgery, as well as samples of cancerous and healthy tissues. The colorimetric method with a Genesis spectrophotometer was used for determination of magnesium concentration. A statistically significant difference was observed between plasma magnesium concentration in patients affected by stomach cancer and the normal range. Elevated values of magnesium concentration measured on the seventh day after the procedure as compared to the concentration before the procedure was noted, however, the difference was statistically insignificant. No significant differences were observed in magnesium concentration measured before and after the procedure, or in comparison to the normal range in patients with large intestine cancer. Determination of tissue magnesium showed that magnesium concentration was higher in cancerous than in healthy tissue. Obtained results demonstrate that magnesium homeostasis is impaired in patients, which may be important in the pathoghenesis of digestive system neoplasms.
The aim of this article is to review current reports pertaining the effects of treating patients with diagnosed degenerative disc disease in the lumbosacral section of the spine. Materials and methods: the method of descriptive analysis was used. The research was conducted on the basis of materials from MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from the last ten years. The cases of patients with sciatic neuritis caused by degenerative disc disease undergoing conservative treatment, and similar group of patients treated surgically, were analysed. Conclusions: Conservative treatment lowers the intensity of pain, but does not improve the functional abilities of the spine. Surgical treatment gives good and quick therapeutic results, but its long-term effects do not seem better than in the case of conservative treatment. Moreover, surgical treatment may result in serious complications. In rare cases the condition results in a severe impairment of motor functions in legs and sphincter paralysis. Such patients should undergo immediate surgical treatment.
Bone fractures, especially when treated surgically, are connected with changes in the homeostasis of the elements of which bone compounds consist, as well as the ones which participate in controlling processes. Such changes influence both the fracture itself and the operative procedure. For successful treatment of broken bones, it can be crucial to bring the homeostasis of bioelements back to the normal state. Thus, the aim of this work has been to determine magnesium and calcium concentrations in plasma from patients with fractures of long bones, and to analyze changes in the examined elements depending on the time after the operative procedure, injury and patient’s age. The research was conducted on the blood of patients: 1) with long bone fractures treated surgically, 2) after a limb amputation because of a fracture or injury, 3) with long bone fractures and with multiorgan injury. With respect to the patients’ age, there were 3 groups: 1) patients aged 18-40 years, 2) patients aged 41-60 years, 3) patients older than 60 years. In the postoperative period, the patients were on a strict postoperative diet, receiving only i.v. 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose solutions. Blood was taken from patients first directly after admittance to hospital and next on the first, third, fifth and seventh day after an operative procedure. Plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations were determined by the method of emission spectrometry with induction plasma (ICP-OES). The results were worked out statistically. The differences p<0.05 were taken into consideration as statistically significant. The research showed that in the blood plasma from patients with long bone fractures treated surgically, there were noticeable decreases of calcium and magnesium concentrations mainly on the first, third and fifth postoperative day. These changes depended on the extend of an operative procedure, but did not depend on the patients’ age. However, with respect to magnesium, its statistically significant decrease was noticed in the group of oldest patients. In the postoperative period, it is especially important to pay attention to calcium and magnesium concentrations, and for patients over 60 years of age magnesium supplementation is necessary. Maintenance of macronutrient homeostasis in an organism can be crucial for the patient’s convalescence process.
The aim of the investigation was to confirm the hypothesis put forward in human research that copper is cumulated in the neoplastic tumours of the mammary gland. The research material included the post mortem collected healthy mammary glands of bitches and mammary gland neoplastic tumours obtained during routine surgical treatments. The histopathological examinations revealed that among tumours of epithelial origin, the most frequent were adenocarcinomas, which comprised 64% of all neoplastic lesions. The second group included carcinomas - 26%, whereas 10% were the tumours of mesenchymal origin. The lowest copper content was observed in healthy mammary glands. In the tissues with neoplastic lesions, the content of copper was at a much higher level. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference (P≤0.05) in the copper content between the investigated groups. The performed analyses showed that mammary gland neoplasms cumulate copper ions, and a much higher concentration of this element is observed in the tumours of epithelial origin.
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Health-related quality of life after the surgical treatment of obesity

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The aim of the study is to answer the question: what is the range and character of changes within health-related quality of life (HRQL) in obese patients who have undergone surgical treatment (VBG - vertical banded gastroplasty or RYGBP - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) in the period of three and six months after operation? Three groups of patients participated in the study: G I (n=33; BMI 49.90 ± 6.74 kg/m2) - tested prior to the operation, G II (n=17; BMI 34.26 ± 5.28 kg/m2) - tested six months after the operation, and G III (n=11) - examined prior to the operation (BMI 45.72 ± 5.27 kg/m2) as well as three months after the operation (BMI 36.10 ± 4.60 kg/m2). The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire was used as an indicator of HRQL. Surgical treatment of obesity resulted in significant positive changes in relation to the basic dimensions of NHP: energy, pain, physical mobility and in the influence of the current health state on selected spheres of life: paid employment, jobs around the house, social life, sex life, interests and hobbies, holidays. Significant changes in HRQL resulting from bariatric surgery occur in a relatively short period of time and are related not only to physical but also to social functioning.
Background. Acute ascending thrombophlebitis of the great saphenous vein (GSV) is an adverse complication of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Conventional surgical treatment comprises traumatic removal of thrombotic vein trunk by means of a Babcock probe. Endovascular welding is a promising, minimally invasive treatment for varicose veins, which may also be applied for hemodynamic correction of impaired venous blood flow of the lower extremities in urgent conditions. Material and methods. Thirty-six patients diagnosed with acute ascending thrombophlebitis type III and IV, stage C2-C6 (CEAP) were treated using an EK300M electric welding device (LLC Svarmed, Ukraine) for high-frequency electric welding of living tissues guided by endovenous probes. Changes in the treated venous trunks were analyzed by ultrasound, and quality of life before and after surgical treatment was evaluated using a chronic insufficiency venous international questionnaire (CIVIQ). Results. Twelve months after high-frequency endovenous electric welding 33 patients (91.41%) had complete occlusion and fibrous transformation in areas of the thrombus segments of the GSV. Two patients (5.54%) had hemodynamically insignificant partial recanalization of separate vein segments, and one patient (2.77%) had complete recanalization of the GSV trunk. Conclusions. Endoscopic welding is an effective, minimally traumatic alternative method for the surgical treatment of acute ascending thrombophlebitis III and VI type of the GSV.
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