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The objective of the performed investigations was to compare mycelium growth of eighteen strains and two crossbred cultures of Lentinula edodes cultivated on agar media and on sawdust substrates from deciduous trees. On the basis of the performed experiments it is possible to conclude that the mycelium growth rate was a characteristic feature of the examined strains and crossbred cultures of L. edodes, although it depended on the type of the substrate on which it was growing.
Two experiments were conducted, in which the granulated rockwool 'Grodan', utilised rockwool 'Flomiin' used before as slabs and remained after 2-year carnation culture (UR) - shredded and steamed and two kinds of insulation rockwool of domestic production: from Gliwice (RG) and from Nidzica (RN) were used as a substrate or its ingredient for mentioned in title plants. Particular plant species expressed somewhat diversified reaction, but generally rockwool showed full usability as a substrate or its component. The best kind appeared to be UR. RG was good in the mix, where it was in 25% of the volume, but RN was unsuitable.
True flies (Diptera, Insecta) are one of the most important groups of aquatic insects in respect of the number of families and abundance of individuals. The goals of this study were to determine emergence patterns and the main ecological factors that influence dipteran family abundance and emergence at barrage lake outlets. Differences in abundance and variations between microhabitats were examined. The study was carried out in Plitvice Lakes National Park (Dinaric karst region, Croatia) at outlets of three barrage lakes. On each site several microhabitats, which differ in substrate and water velocity were selected. The selected substrates were moss on tufa, particulate tufa with detritus, pebbles and silt. Sampling of dipteran adults was conducted at the end of every month during 2007/2008 with 6 emergence traps placed at each site. Simuliidae and Chironomidae were the most abundant families among the 13 families present. Temperature influenced the start of emergence and the duration of flight period. All three lake outlets differed in abundance of individuals, especially the lowest barrage lake outlet which can be contributed to the lowest levels of organic seston and highest rates of tufa deposition. For Chironomidae, Simuliidae and aquatic Empididae statistically significant positive correlation between abundance and current velocity was observed. The least favoured substrate for all Diptera families was silt, while moss was the preferred one.
The study was performed on 16 albino Wistar female rats divided into two equal groups: experimental and control. The rats from the experimental group received per os, every second day for 2 weeks 40 mg/kg b.w. of L-arginine. The rats from the control group received, in the same manner, 2 ml of distilled water. The animals were decapitated after 3 weeks of the experiment. After decapitation specimens from the kidneys were collected, fixed in 10% formalin, and then embedded in paraffin blocks. Protein caspase 3 was detected using the standard three step immunohistochemical method. Additionally, the apoptotic index was evaluated. The study shows that L-arginine, as a donor of exogenous nitric oxide, induced the apoptotic signal in normal renal tubular cells of the rats. The apoptotic index statistically significantly increased in the epithelial cells of the treated renal tubules compared to the control. The immunohistochemical reaction for the executing caspase 3 in the renal tubular cells, although increased in comparison with the control, was statistically insignificant.
The objective of the study carried out during 2004-2007 was to evaluate the in­fluence of three types of substrates (peat, sawdust and cocoa husk) on yield, quality and chemical composition of highbushblueberries cv. 'Sierra'. On 4-year average, the lowest yield per a bush (0.89 kg) was obtained from bushes grown in cocoa husk substrate and these berries had the lowest weight of 100 fruit (64 g) and were the smallest. On the other hand, they had the highest firmness, measured both vertically (512 G mm-1) and horizontally (275 G mm-1). The highest soluble solids content (14.45%) and titratable acidity (1.02 g of citric acid equivalents 100 g-1 ) were found in fruit harvested from bushes growing in peat. The substrates did not affect significantly total sugar (11.98-12.30 g 100 g-1) and vitamin C contents (26.0-27.9 mg 100 g-1). The nitrates content in blueberries was low, ranging from 17.5 (peat) to 34.7 mg kg-1 (sawdust) whereas the content of nitrites varied from 0.85 (peat) to 1.10 mg kg-1 (sawdust). Blueberries obtained from peat- and cocoa husk- bedded bushes had significantly higher total phenolics content (231.03 mg and 222.29 mg per 100 g-1, respectively) compared to these grown in sawdust (181.74 mg 100 g-1). Similarly, the berries originating from peat- and cocoa husk- grown plants showed higher total anthocyanin content (144.55 mg 100 g-1 and 146.73 mg 100 g-1, respectively) than fruit collected from sawdust-bedded bushes (120.92 mg 100 g-1). Taking into account the yield alone, the best effects were obtained from 'Sierra' bushes grown in sawdust. However, regarding chemical composition, the berries from bushes grown in peat and cocoa husk were richest in nutritional components and, especially, in phenolic compounds.
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