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В двухгодичном вегетационном опыте, поставленном с употреблением 6 кг легкой, кислой и бедной усвояемым магнием почвы, исследовали влияние известкования, применяемого из расчёта: 1Hh - 6,59 г СаО и 3,0 Нh - 19,78 г CaO/сосуд и сернокислого магния (0,126 и 0,252 г/сосуд) на урожай и химический состав костра униолового (Вгоmus unioloides), а также на некоторые физико-химические свойства почвы. Не установлено существенного повышения урожая сухого вещества травы за счёт применения кальция и магния. Известкование почвы положительно влияло на накопление фосфора, кальция и натрия в траве, а также вызывало уменьшение содержания калия в траве в первом году исследований. Установлено повышение концентраций фосфора и натрия, а также снижение содержаний калия и кальция в траве за счёт удобрения сернокислым магнием. В результате известкования наблюдалось расширение ионного соотношения Ca : Р и ограничение значений соотношения К : Са в траве. Влияние магния на изменение ионных соотношений в костре униоловом оказалось противоположным по отношению к результатам, полученным при применении кальция. Через два года исследований наблюдалось уменьшение содержания обменного алюминия в почве и незначительное повышение значений pH (0,2-0,3 pH 1М KCl). А почве известкованной уровнем по 3,0 Hh содержание алюминия равнялось 1,7 мг/10 г почвы. Содержания усвояемых форм фосфора и калия уменьшались по вариантам с магнием, тогда как в известкованной почве установлено повышение содержания усвояемого фосфора.
В опыте проведенном в местности Любостронь около г. Быдгощи на почве слабого ржаного комплекса в трех 2-летних сериях исследованийх (I - 1981-1982,11 - 1982-1983, III - 1983-1984 гг.) была установлена пригодность к возделыванию костра униолового, ежи сборной, люцерны и их смесей. В условиях орошения эти растения дали в среднем для серии соответственно 70, 60, 70 тонн зеленой и 15, 14, 15 тонн сухой массы с гектара, причем эти урожай были выше в сравнении с урожаями полученными без орошений на 38, 64, 42% зеленой и 35, 47, 33% сухой массы.
The content of Ca, P, K, Na, Mg, and Beta-Carotene in Rescue Grass, Cocks-foot-grass, and in Italian Ryegrass at three growth stages: before heading /height of plants - 30-40 cm/, at the beginning of heading, and at the beginning of flowering was given. It was found out that the content of phosphorus and potassium decreased in all grasses in the course of the vegetation. There were no such regularities in the content of Ca, Na, and Mg. In regrowths /the second and the third one/ grasses of later haymaking contained more sodium and magnesium, and the content of Ca in grasses in the course of the vegetation increased /II haymaking/ or decreased /III haymaking/. Among grasses Cocksfoot-grass contained the greatest amount of P, K and Mg, Rescue Grass had the smallest amount of Na and Mg, and Italian Ryegrass was characterized by the highest level of Ca and Na. The first swathes of grasses, gathered at the beginning of flowering contained 29% less of Beta-Carotene than before heading /the height of plants - 30-40 cm/. Rescue Grass and Cocksfoot-grass were richer in Beta- -Carotene than Italian Ryegrass.
During three years of experiments the crops and chemical composition of brome grass, cocksfoot-grass and Italian rye-grass were tested - before heading /30-40 cm/, at the beginning of heading and at the beginning of flowering. The teras of harvesting effected the grass crop, the chemical composition and the nutritive value of green forage. The best crop was moved at the beginning of heading. During grass vegetation in spring the protein and sugar content of green forage was reduced while the fibre, ADF and lignin /grass of 30-40 cm/ content was growing. The variations of grass chemical composition of the second and the third growth were not very distinct. The heading was the best term of the first grass harvesting.
In three - year experiments, carried out on the laboratory scale, Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium multiflorum suitability for silage was stated before ear formation /the plants being 30-40 cm high/ as well as at the beginning of ear formation and florescence. It was recorded that as the vegetation advanced the ratio of suluble sugars to proteins increased in grasses whereas the ratio of sugars to the buffer capacity decreased. When preserving grasses harvested at a later date more lactic acid and less acetic and butyric acids were formed and the quality of thsse silages was better. Lolium multiflorum was the best for silage in three - litre jars whereas Bromus unioloides and Dactylis glomerata should not be used for silage when fresh but after previous wilting on swaths to about 30-38% of dry substance. The best time for harvesting of Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerata and Lolium multiflorum for silage is the time of ear formation as the green forage ensilaged at the beginning of florescence had insufficient for cattle arnount of protein, phosphorus, magnesium and sodium and too high level of crude fibre.
Grass from field cultivation /Bromus unioloides, Dactylis glomerat'a and Lolium multiflorum/, wilted after mowing, was ensilaged at three development stages: prior to earing /the height of grass 30-40 cm/, at the outset of earing and at the beginning of blooming. The authors described the chemical components and the quality of ensilage, the digestibility of the nutrients of the fodder in sheep and the retention of nitrogen in these animals. Grass ensilaged at the beginning of blooming contained a level of raw fibres too high for cattle and was characterized by a low digestibility and energy concentration. The daily retention of nitrogen in organisms of sheep fed with silaged grass at the beginning of blooming was several times lower than the retention obtained when ensilaged younger grass was fed and amonted from 0,41 g /Dactylis glomerata/ to 2,33 g /Lolium multiflorum/.
The effect of the haymaking /the traditional haymaking on swath and the two-stages haymaking consisting of the complete fade of swath and the additional drying with the ventilator/ and the silage /fresh green forage, completely dried up forage and fresh with the addition of 0,3% formalin/ on the content of some nitrogenous fractions in Rescue Grass, Timothy, and in the mixture of Rescue Grass with Lucerne and the mixture of Timothy with Common Clover was examined in this work. It was noticed that both silage and haymaking cause the rise in easy soluble nitrogenous fractions. There were from 15% to 40% more of these fractions in green forages than in silages. The addition of 0.3% formalin had no effect on the level of soluble nitrogen. In hay the level of this fraction of nitrogen was lower than in green forages and it depended on the technique of making the silage: there was more of soluble N in the traditional haymaking than in the two-stages haymaking: the difference comprised from 10% to 25% of dissolved N. The silage of the best quality was obtained from the completely dried up plants.
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