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Dynamics of photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters of two spinach species after short-term low UV-B radiation effect

100%

Januskaitiene I., Sakalauskiene S.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2019

|

tom 18

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nr 1

This work aimed to underline the dynamics of photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters of ‘Matador’ and ‘Andromeda’ spinach species after short-term 1 and 2 kJm–2 UV-B radiation effect. When plants reached 3–4 leaves growths stage, the exposure to 1 kJm–2 and 2 kJm–2 UV-B radiation was done once for 68 and 136 minutes, respectively. The photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters were determined 2, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exposure. The stimulating effect of UV-B emerged on the 3rd day after exposure. The positive effect of UV-B was more pronounced for ‘Matador’. The highest DPPH radical-scavenging capacity and the highest concentration of α-tocopherols were detected 24 hours after 2 kJ UV-B exposure, but the decrease in photosynthetic rate was the highest as well. Meanwhile, on the 3rd day after 1 kJ UV-B exposure, the indicators of oxidative stress of ‘Matador’ decreased, and the photosynthetic rate increased. This study highlights that low UV-B radiation acts as an eustress, by awaking positive changes in photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters of spinach.

2

Effect of plant biostimulation with Pentakeep V fertilizer and nitrogen fertilization on the content of macro- and micronutrients in spinach

86%

Smolen S., Sady W.

Journal of Elementology

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2010

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tom 15

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nr 2

343-353

The aim of the research was to determine the influence of foliar nutrition with Pentakeep V as well as differentiated nitrogen fertilisation on the content of macro- (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in spinach leaves. Pentakepp V is a fertilizer containing 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), which is the direct precursor of chlorophyll in plants. In 2006-2007, a pot experiment with spinach Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Spinaker F1 was carried out. The plants were cultivated in 60 × 40 × 20 cm containers placed in an open field under a shade-providing fabric. Containers were filled with loamy clay soil (35% of sand, 28% silt, 37% clay) with the organic matter content of 2.44% in 2006 and 2.52% in 2007. The experiment design included 2 sub-blocks: with and without foliar nutrition. The plants were sprayed twice with Pentakeep V fertilizer in a dose of 0.02% w/v (16 ml 100 dm–3 – 3000 dm3 per 1 ha). In each sub-block, soil fertilization with nitrogen was applied: 1 – control (without N fertilization), 2 – 25 mg N dm–3 of the soil (50% of N dose), 3 – 50 mg N dm–3 of the soil (100% of N dose). Nitrogen fertilization was applied in the form of ammonium nitrate prior to seed sowing. Among all of the determined nutrients, a significant interaction between foliar nutrition and soil application of nitrogen was observed in the case of Ca and Fe content in spinach leaves. Foliar application of Pentakeep V decreased the content of Ca in plants without N fertilization as well as increased the amount of this element in plants fertilized with full dose of nitrogen (100% of N dose). These observations were further verified by the changes of Ca content in soil after plant cultivation. Increased uptake of Ca from soil was observed for plants treated with Pentakeep V and fertilized with the full dose of nitrogen. A higher content of this element in soil was noted after cultivation of plants receiving only Pentakeep V (without N fertilization). Specific interaction of Pentakeep V on the increased content of Fe in spinach fertilized with 50% dose of N was observed. In comparison with the control, N fertilization in both doses (regardless of the foliar nutrition) led to the decrease of the plant content of Ca, Na and Fe as well as resulted in the increased concentration of K in spinach leaves. Plants fertilized with half-dose of N were characterized by lower content of Mn but plants treated with 100 % of nitrogen had higher concentration of this element in comparison to the control. Foliar application of Pentakeep V (considered independently of N fertilization) did not significantly influence the content of these nutrients in spinach leaves. Weather conditions throughout both years of cultivation had no effect on the interaction between foliar nutrition with Pentakeep V and N fertilization on the content of analyzed nutrients.

3

The study of the correlation between concentration of carotenoids separated from spinach leaves and their antioxidant activity

86%

Ligor M., Buszewski B.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2011

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tom 61

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nr Suppl.1

4

Effects of continuous light-dark and 2,5-norbornadiene on nitrate reductase activity in spinach leaves

86%

Oral B., Tasgin E., Demir Y., Nalbantoglu B.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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2003

|

tom 51

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nr 1

5

Ras protein of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum is farnesylated in vitro

86%

Talarczyk E., Hung V. S., Kozlowski P., Trzcinska-Danielewicz J., Swiezewska E.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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1999

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tom 46

|

nr 3

Physarum Ppras1 protein was efficiently prenylated by prenyltransferases of spinach. Surprisingly in spite of the C-terminal sequence (CLLL) specific for geranylgeranylation the protein was preferentially farnesylated. Consequences of this observation are discussed.

6

Application of modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf-life of minimally processed spinach

72%

Bieganska-Marecik R., Radziejewska-Kubzdela E., Czapski J.

Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences

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2007

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tom 57

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nr 4[A]

13-17

The study assessed the effect of modified atmosphere packaging with varied contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide on sensory and microbiological quality, physicochemical properties and physiological activity of minimally processed spinach. The following variants of modified atmosphere composition were applied: (% O2/% CO2/% N2) 10/10/80; 20/5/75; 20/25/55, as well as air atmosphere. On the basis of experiments it was found that modified atmosphere packaging of spinach made it possible to obtain a product maintaining good sensory quality for 6 days. Prolonged storage resulted in unacceptable changes in sensory attributes. The application of atmosphere with the composition of 10% O2/10% CO2/80% N2 had the most advantageous effect on the sensory quality of minimally processed spinach. The level of microbial contamination of fresh spinach was slight (104 CFU/g). Counts of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria were higher in the raw material than in minimally processed samples; however, the counts of microorganisms in most samples increased during 12-day storage, irrespective of the modified atmosphere variant applied in packaging. In all spinach samples, irrespective of the initial composition of atmosphere, oxygen content dropped rapidly; in most samples after 6-day storage anaerobic conditions were generated, which indicates too low permeability of the applied packaging material.

7

The effect of foliar feeding of potassium salts and urea in spinach on gas exchange, leaf yield and quality

72%

Borowski E., Michalek S.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2009

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tom 62

|

nr 1

In a pot experiment conducted in a phytotron, the effectiveness of foliar feeding of different potassium salts, with and without the addition of 0.5% CO(NH2)2, in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) was investigated. Potassium was applied 3 times in the form of 1% solutions KCl, KNO3, K2SO4 and C6H5K3O7XH2O, compared to water as the control treatment. The obtained results show that foliar feeding of potassium salts in spinach is an efficient method of supplementing the level of K+ in plants during vegetation. Plants fed with KNO3 had the highest content of potassium in leaves, and those fertilized with K2SO4, C6H5K3O7 X H2O and KCl had an only slightly lower potassium content. The application of potassium salts resulted in more intensive gas exchange in leaves (stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, transpiration) and, as a consequence of that, increased leaf yield. Potassium nitrate and citrate influenced most effectively the abovementioned processes. The treatment of spinach with potassium salts resulted in an increased content of protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrates and iron as well as a decreased content of vitamin C and calcium in leaves.

8

Szpinak ozimy

72%

Cieszynska A.

Biuletyn Informacyjno-Handlowy. Ośrodek Doradztwa Rolniczego Boguchwała

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2005

|

nr 09

9

The effect of foliar nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with magnesium salts and urea on gas exchange, leaf yield and quality

72%

Borowski E., Michalek S.

Acta Agrobotanica

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2010

|

tom 63

|

nr 1

In a pot experiment conducted in a phytotron, the effectiveness of foliar nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with different magnesium salts with and without the addition of 0.5% CO(NH2)2 was studied. Magnesium was applied 3 times in the form of solutions of MgSO4 x 7H2O, Mg(NO3)2 x 6H2O, MgCl2 x 6H2O, C4H6O4Mg x 4H2O, compared to water as the control treatment. The obtained results showed that foliar feeding of spinach with inorganic magnesium salts was an efficient method for supplementing the Mg level in plants during the growing period. But the application of a metalo-organic complex in the form of magnesium acetate (C4H6O4Mg x 4H2O) at a concentration of 1.7%, in spite of a similar effect on leaf Mg content, induced phytotoxic symptoms in the form of chlorotic and necrotic spots on the leaves. The application of the solutions of inorganic magnesium salts had a significant effect, resulting in more intensive leaf gas exchange (stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis) and an increase in leaf yield. Magnesium sulphate affected the abovementioned processes in the most effective way, while magnesium acetate had a negative impact. Foliar feeding of spinach with the magnesium salts resulted in an increased leaf content of protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrates and proline, but a decrease in vitamin C content. The addition of urea to the applied magnesium salt solutions increased the plant gas exchange rates and the leaf content of protein, chlorophyll, carotenoids, nitrates and proline, but it decreased the content of vitamin C, potassium and magnesium.

10

Comparison of the nitrate reductases obtained from corn, barley, rye and spinach

72%

Godlewska E. A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1993

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tom 15

|

nr 1

11

Comparison of the subunit sizes of nitrate reductases from crude extracts of some crop plants

72%

Godlewska E. A.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1993

|

tom 15

|

nr 3

12

Comparison of the quality of canned spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.] and New Zealand spinach [Tetragonia expansa Murr.]

72%

Jaworska G., Kmiecik W., Maciejaszek I.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Food Science and Technology

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2001

|

tom 04

|

nr 2

The technological process of producing canned products brought about a decrease in the level of analysed discriminants by 1-63%, nitrites in New Zealand spinach being excepted. The greatest losses were recorded in the content of total acids and vitamin C and in the case of New Zealand spinach also of chlorophylls. During one-year storage of the two products an increase in the content of nitrites of 44-66% and a fall in the level of nitrates of 8-11% were noted. In spinach the content of chlorophylls was reduced 51% and in New Zealand spinach that of total acids and vitamin C 12-37%. After one-year storage the preserves of New Zealand spinach compared with those of spinach contained 35% less dry weight, 4-6% less nitrates and nitrites, 20-50% less starch, dietary fibre, total nitrogen, ash and total acids, 55% less chlorophylls, and 69% vitamin C. Both products showed good organoleptic quality.

13

Effect of growing methods of New Zealand spinach on its yield and pattern of harvests

72%

Kmiecik W., Jaworska G.

Folia Horticulturae

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1999

|

tom 11

|

nr 1

14

Effect of the date of harvest on the selected traits of the chemical composition of spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.] and New Zealand spinach [Tetragonia expansa Murr.]

72%

Jaworska G., Kmiecik W.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Agraria

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1999

|

tom 37

Spinach and New Zealand spinach were compared as raw material for the, processing industry. The structure and quality of yields, certain phytometric traits of plants, and selected physicochemical indices were taken into consideration. The two species were harvested for analyses at two dates i.e., in spring and early autumn. Irrespective of the date of harvest, the spinach was characterized by a richer content of the investigated chemical compounds. The harvest date caused distinct differences in the level of the investigated components in the spinach and fairly small ones in the New Zealand spinach. The raw material of the two species harvested in spring contained more sugars, starch, total acids, and vitamin C and less total nitrogen, beta-carotene, and chlorophylls than that from the autumn harvest.

15

Effect of substrate pH on the accumulation of lead in radish [Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula] and spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.]

72%

Gaweda M., Capecka E.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

|

1995

|

tom 17

|

nr 4

16

Involvement of calcium in the in vitro sensitivity change of the plasma membrane Hplus ATPase to indole-3-acetic acid

72%

Bellamine J., Greppin H.

Acta Physiologiae Plantarum

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1997

|

tom 19

|

nr 1

The proton pumping activity of phase-partitioning purified plasma membrane fraction from spinach leaves was tested in vitro in the presence of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid. The sensitivity of the H+ pumping activity to the auxin was changed after flowering induction. We investigated the effect of whole spinach leaf treatments with substances affecting the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate transduction pathway on the in vitro sensitivity modification by photoperiodic induction. A role of calcium ions was supported by studies on leaves treated with a specific Ca²⁺ chelator (EGTA), a synthetic Ca²⁺ ionophore (A23187) or with calcium channel blokers (verapamil, lanthan chloride). An experiment using the transduction pathway inhibitor, lithium chloride, indicated that the intracellular concentration of Ca²⁺ was increased by inositol triphosphate.

17

Selenium as a sulphydrylic group inductor in plants

72%

Hawrylak B., Szymanska M.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2004

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tom 09

|

nr 2

We investigated the effect of selenium form and dose on the total glutathione and non-protein -SH group contents in the edible spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and ground tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Our experiments were carried out in a hydroponic culture. Selenium was added to the culture medium in its selenite (Na2SeO3 x 5H2O) and selenate (Na2SeO4) forms. Regardless of the selenium form, we observed an increase in the non-protein thiol content. The non-protein -SH group content depended on the form and dose of selenium as well as on the organ and plant species. Regardless of the selenium form, a higher content of non-protein -SH groups were found in the spinach biomass than in the tomato biomass. Selenite contributed to a larger accumulation of non-protein -SH groups in the roots, whereas selenate contributed to their accumulation in the shoots

18

Wpływ przechowywania w atmosferze modyfikowanej na zmiany zawartości azotanów(V) i (III) w szpinaku pochodzącym z uprawy jesiennej i wiosennej

58%

Bieganska-Marecik R., Walkowiak-Tomczak D., Radziejewska-Kubzdela E.

Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych

|

2010

|

tom 552

Badania miały na celu porównanie zawartości azotanów(III) i (V) w szpinaku odmiany Sporter pakowany i przechowywanym w atmosferze modyfikowanej o różnym składzie. Surowiec do badań pochodził z uprawy jesiennej 2007 roku i późnowiosennej 2008 roku. Zawartość azotanów(V) w surowcu ze zbioru jesiennego była 2-krotnie wyższa niż w szpinaku wiosennym i wynosiła odpowiednio: około 1100 i 520 mg·kg-1. W próbach ze szpinaku jesiennego pakowanych w atmosferze modyfikowanej, niezależnie od jej składu, odnotowano niższą zawartość azotanów(V), w porównaniu z surowcem. Wynosiła ona od 875 do 1027 mg·kg-1 po 1 dniu przechowywania, dalsze przechowywanie spowodowało istotny spadek zawartości tych związków w większości badanych prób. Obecności azotanów(III) nie stwierdzono zarówno w surowcu ze zbioru jesiennego, jak i wiosennego. Natomiast w próbach zapakowanych w atmosferze modyfikowanej, niezależnie od jej składu, stwierdzono wzrost zawartości tych związków w czasie 12 dni przechowywania szpinaku.

19

The effect of plant biostimulation with ‘Pentakeep V’ and nitrogen fertilization on the content of fourteen elements in spinach

58%

Smolen S., Sady W., Wierzbinska J.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2010

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

Foliar application of growth regulators or fertilizers containing biostimulators can influence the uptake and accumulation of mineral elements by plants. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of foliar application of ‘Pentakeep V’ and diverse nitrogen fertilization on the content of: Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Ga, Li, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, Ti and V in spinach leaves. In 2006–2007 pot experiment with spinach Spinacia oleracea L. ‘Spinaker F1’ cultivation on silty medium loam was carried out. The experiment design included two sub-blocks: with and without foliar nutrition. Plants with foliar nutrition were sprayed twice with 0.02% w/v ‘Pentakeep V’ fertilizer (3000 dm3 water per 1 ha). In each sub-block soil nitrogen fertilization (in the form of ammonium nitrate) was applied in following combinations: 1 – control (without N), 2 – 50% N dose prior to seed sowing (25 mg N∙dm-3 of soil), 3 – 100% N dose prior to seed sowing (50 mg N∙dm-3 of soil). Foliar application of ‘Pentakeep V’ resulted in (compared to not treated plants): a) significant reduction of the Ag, Al, Ba, Ga, Sr and Ti concentration in plants not fertilized with nitrogen, b) increase in Sr content in spinach fertilized with 100% of N dose, c) relatively weak tendency to lower V accumulation in control plants. The lowest concentration of cobalt was found in plants fertilized with 50% of N dose and not treated with ‘Pentakeep V’. No interaction between foliar nutrition and nitrogen fertilization was found in reference to Cd, Cr, Li, Ni, Pb and Sb content in spinach plants.

20

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yielding and biological value of spinach grown for autumn harvest

58%

Krezel J., Kolota E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus

|

2010

|

tom 09

|

nr 3

The nutritional value of some vegetables may greatly vary depending on the cultivation method and kind of fertilization. In 2007–2009 there was conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea, Entec-26) and their doses (80, 160 kgN∙ha-1) on yielding and biological quality of two spinach cultivars (Spokane F1, Rembrandt F1) grown for autumn harvest. The use of Entec-26 fertilizer assured the highest mean marketable yield of spinach (12.25 t∙ha-1). Comparable results were observed for ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate while lower yield was obtained in treatment supplied with calcium nitrate. The highest accumulation of nitrates and vitamin C was associated with the application of calcium nitrate and the lowest one with ammonium sulphate and Entec-26. An increase of the dose of fertilizer from 80 to 160 kg N∙ha-1 did not significantly affect yielding of spinach and its nutritional value expressed by the content of dry matter, vitamin C and nitrates. Among the two cultivars, Rembrandt F1 produced higher yield of leaves and showed some tendency to a higher accumulation of nitrates, whereas lower content of dry matter and vitamin C. The levels of P, K, Mg and Ca were not dependent on the cultivar as well as kind and dose of nitrogen fertilizer.

Ograniczanie wyników

Dynamics of photosynthetic and oxidative stress parameters of two spinach species after short-term low UV-B radiation effect

Effect of plant biostimulation with Pentakeep V fertilizer and nitrogen fertilization on the content of macro- and micronutrients in spinach

The study of the correlation between concentration of carotenoids separated from spinach leaves and their antioxidant activity

Effects of continuous light-dark and 2,5-norbornadiene on nitrate reductase activity in spinach leaves

Ras protein of the slime mold Physarum polycephalum is farnesylated in vitro

Application of modified atmosphere packaging to extend shelf-life of minimally processed spinach

The effect of foliar feeding of potassium salts and urea in spinach on gas exchange, leaf yield and quality

Szpinak ozimy

The effect of foliar nutrition of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with magnesium salts and urea on gas exchange, leaf yield and quality

Comparison of the nitrate reductases obtained from corn, barley, rye and spinach

Comparison of the subunit sizes of nitrate reductases from crude extracts of some crop plants

Comparison of the quality of canned spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.] and New Zealand spinach [Tetragonia expansa Murr.]

Effect of growing methods of New Zealand spinach on its yield and pattern of harvests

Effect of the date of harvest on the selected traits of the chemical composition of spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.] and New Zealand spinach [Tetragonia expansa Murr.]

Effect of substrate pH on the accumulation of lead in radish [Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula] and spinach [Spinacia oleracea L.]

Involvement of calcium in the in vitro sensitivity change of the plasma membrane Hplus ATPase to indole-3-acetic acid

Selenium as a sulphydrylic group inductor in plants

Wpływ przechowywania w atmosferze modyfikowanej na zmiany zawartości azotanów(V) i (III) w szpinaku pochodzącym z uprawy jesiennej i wiosennej

The effect of plant biostimulation with ‘Pentakeep V’ and nitrogen fertilization on the content of fourteen elements in spinach

The effect of nitrogen fertilization on yielding and biological value of spinach grown for autumn harvest