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Subject and purpose of work: This work presents an economic theory of religion. Its aim is to gain insight into one of the modern concepts of religion in the perspective of secularisation. Materials and methods: While describing the essence of this theory, apart from personal views, also other opinions of contemporary sociologists of religion were used. Results: This study highlighted the fact that the presented concept has a diverse range of references and interprets religion in a specific way. It is a concept competing against the secularisation thesis, and its essence is in direct application of the rational choice theory and exchange theory. Conclusions: Approaching religion only through the formula of supply, significantly reduces the field of interpretation and does not explain all the mechanisms of religious changes in the contemporary world.
The article presents precursors and classical representatives of the sociological theory of the social role. It also includes current critical reviews of the theoretical concepts discussed here. The article employs a method of analysis and synhesis. The analysis regards selected theoretical concepts and the synthesis dynamic aspects of the theory. Part one reveals the sources of terms and concepts that are the components of the sociological theory of the social role. It is based on the ideas of the forerunners of the theory: R. Linton, G.H. Mead and R.E.Park. A critical interpretation and improvement of their thought achieved by the modern sociologists: R..K. Merton and J. Turner, are also taken into consideration. Some opinions of Polish sociologists as regards the theoretical output are also discussed. Part two of the article is a detailed discussion of the theoretical systems developed by T. Parson and F. Znaniecki. Special attention is paid to their essential and comparative value. Part three is a presentation of a drama version of the sociological theory of the social role produced by E. Goofman. Part four includes a description of name terms and concepts from the fringe area of the theory of the social and other sociological thermies e.g. the theory of the social conflict, or the theory of the personality, that are useful in empirical research. As a conclusion a synthesis of the theoretical analуsis of the selected concepts of the theory in question is presented. The use of F. Znaniecki's sociological theory of the social role is assessed for the research on the dynamics changes of the social role among selected groups of people.
Contemporary sociology of culture is on the verge of change of its paradigm. From a science the aim of which is to measure the consumption of culture or to interpret culture it is to be transformed into a research discipline studying the way in which the culture is experienced. Thus, the statistical or hermeneutic rules will have to be replaced by the assumptions which look for the corporeality of the human bodies as a source and essence of the culture. “Physical”, not “mental” meanings would be treated as the objects of sociological and humanistic research. Thanks to that the neo-naturalism may become the mainstream of the future in these sciences.
Theoretical perspective for this study is created by sociology of leisure, or rather – the border area of sociology of culture, tourism and leisure. Paradigms: humanistic, the ecological, and systemic are also included. Own authors’ original concepts of leisure and lifestyle are presented. The scientific problem concerns the leisure activity of the middle class representatives. The aim is to describe and to compare this activity of a selected family to the national average: notes of one family from Central Europe concerning active recreation in the period 2010–2014. The research method has been a case study of activities for four periods of holiday. The Grounded Theory and analysis of a discourse was used. The case study is a qualitative method, not requiring statistical analysis. Results and conclusions are limited. The applied method does not allow to draw any generalizing conclusions. The family tended to be active, practicing various forms of physical or cultural recreation. They have been spending leisure time together for better internal integration. These people really enjoy ecological and healthy lifestyle.
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