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The old and new RNA world

100%
Szweykowska-Kulinska Z.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
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2014
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tom 83
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nr 4
Among the numerous hypotheses offering a scenario for the origin of life on Earth, the one called “The RNA World” has gained the most attention. According to this hypothesis RNA acted as a genetic information storage material, as a catalyst of all metabolic reactions, and as a regulator of all processes in the primordial world. Various experiments show that RNA molecules could have been synthesized abiotically, with the potential to mediate a whole repertoire of metabolic reactions. Ribozymes carrying out aminoacyl-tRNA reactions have been found in SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment) approaches and the development of a ribosome from a RNA-built protoribosome is easy to imagine. Transfer RNA aminoacylation, protoribosome origin, and the availability of amino acids on early Earth allowed the genetic code to evolve. Encoded proteins most likely stabilized RNA molecules and were able to create channels across membranes. In the modern cell, DNA replaced RNA as the main depositor of genetic information and proteins carry out almost all metabolic reactions. However, RNA is still playing versatile, crucial roles in the cell. Apart from its classical functions in the cell, a huge small RNA world is controlling gene expression, chromatin condensation, response to environmental cues, and protecting the cell against the invasion of various nucleic acids forms. Long non-coding RNAs act as crucial gene expression regulators. Riboswitches act at the level of transcription, splicing or translation and mediate feedback regulation on biosynthesis and transport of the ligand they sense. Alternative splicing generates genetic variability and increases the protein repertoire in response to developmental or environmental changes. All these regulatory functions are essential in shaping cell plasticity in the changing milieu. Recent discoveries of new, unexpected and important functions of RNA molecules support the hypothesis that we live in a New RNA World.
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RNA interference and its role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression

100%
Szweykowska-Kulinska Z., Jarmolowski A., Figlerowicz M.
Acta Biochimica Polonica
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2003
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tom 50
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nr 1
Several years ago it was discovered that plant transformation with a transcribed sense transgene could shut down the expression of a homologous endogenous gene. Moreover, it was shown that the introduction into the cell of dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) containing nucleotide sequence complementary to an mRNA sequence causes selective degradation of the latter and thus silencing of a specific gene. This phenome­non, called RNA interference (RNAi) was demonstrated to be present in almost all eukaryotic organisms. RNAi is also capable of silencing transposons in germ line cells and fighting RNA virus infection. Enzymes involved in this process exhibit high homology across species. Some of these enzymes are involved in other cellular pro­cesses, for instance developmental timing, suggesting strong interconnections be­tween RNAi and other metabolic pathways. RNAi is probably an ancient mechanism that evolved to protect eukaryotic cells against invasive forms of nucleic acids.
3
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Introns of plant pri-miRNAs enhance miRNA biogenesis

84%
Bielewicz D., Kalak M., Kalyna M., Windels D., Barta A., Vazquez F., Szweykowska-Kulinska Z., Jarmolowski A.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
4
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High temperature-regulated expression of microRNAs in barley

84%
Kruszka K., Swida-Barteczka A., Pacak A., Karlowski W., Jarmolowski A., Szweykowska-Kulinska Z.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
5
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Comprehensive studies on biogenesis and function of tRNA-derived small noncoding RNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana

67%
Plewka P., Kalak M., Raczynska K. D., Szymanski M., Szweykowska-Kulinska Z., Jarmolowski A., Karlowski W.
BioTechnologia. Journal of Biotechnology Computational Biology and Bionanotechnology
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2013
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tom 94
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nr 3
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