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Evaluation of water in the southern part of Leginski Lake and its usefulness for recreation was carried out on the basis of the following criteria: Kohl 1975 and Kavka 1987 in Albinger's modification; U.S Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration; and the European Committee for the Quality of Water for Bathing Purposes. Research work was aimed at determining the number of bacteria indicatory of pollution (Total Viable Count 20°C) and sanitary state (FC and FS). Samples of water and bottom sediments were examined at three different sites. The results revealed that water in the southern part of Leginski Lake can be used for recreational purposes. The majority of samples examined was classi­fied as clean or little polluted. A higher degree of water loading was found only at the outlet of the stream coming from biological ponds of the local water-treatment plant.
The studies aimed at sanitary evaluation of two small lakes situated in the city of Szczecin, Poland: Rusaka and Syrenie Stawy. The studies were performed in summer months (June to August) in 1995-1996 and 1998-1999. In water samples, total coliforms, faecal coliforms, faecal streptococci and pollution-indicative index bacteria (TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC) were estimated. The analyses demonstrated that Rusaka lake exhibited lower levels of pollution than that shown by Syrenie Stawy. Also, the obtained results demonstrated in general higher level of pollution than that noted by other authors in municipal lakes.
Studies were carried out to determine counts of TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC, TC, FC, FS and Clustridium perfringens in bottom sediments of the Czarna Hancza River, from about 1 cm layer, at 10 stations located in Suwalki region (stations 1 and 2), in the villages Sobolewo (stations 3 and 4), the old river bed of the Czarna Hancza and its intlow to Lake Wigry (stations 5 and 6), and in the villages Czerwony Folwark, Mackowa Ruda, Buda Ruska and Wysoki Most (stations 7-10) east of Lake Wigry. Bottom sediments from stations 1-4 and 7-l0 were mostly sandy, while at stations 5 and 6 they dominated by silty clay. Studies were carried out in 1995 and 1996, at monthly intervals with the exception of winter. Water was examined at the same time. All groups of indicatory bacteria were l00-1000 times more numerous in the bottom sediments than in water. They were usually least numerous in sandy bottom sediments, especially in the villages Buda Ruska and Wysoki Most (stations 9 and 10), and the highest in silty clay sediments in the region of the old Czarna Hancza bed and its inflow to Lake Wigry (stations 5 and 6). Minimal and maximal counts of indicatory bacteria were noted in different months upon particular sampling stations. Only sometimes curves of their numbers corresponded to the respective curves of bacteria counts in water. It is suggested that sanitary and bacteriological studies of water should be supplemented by respective studies of the surface layer of bottom sediments.
The organic pollution and the sanitary state of cooling water used in intensive fish rearing were evaluated. The study was carried out at the cage station of the Olsztyn Fish Farm located in the northeastern Mazurian Lake District of Poland. The water was sampled monthly from April 1 to September 30, 1999. Quantitative analyses included a total count of the bacteria cultured on a common agar medium at 20 and 37°C (TVC 20°C and TVC 37°C), the total count of coliforms (TC) and fecal coliforms (FC), a count of fecal streptococci (FC) and spore-forming anaerobes (Clostridium perfringens). The results obtained indicate that cage fish culture did not considerably affect the bacteriological properties of the water.
This paper evaluates contamination and sanitary and bacteriological states of the waters in the Czarna Hancza River in the region of Suwalki and Wigry National Park, and treated wastes coming from an urban sewage treatment plant. Microbiological examinations were carried out every month, in three annual cycles, in 1994-1996. Water samples were taken at 11 stations situated in the most characteristic places above Suwalki, below Suwalki, before inflow of treated wastes coming from the sewage treatment plant, in Sobolewo and at the mouth of the Czarna Hancza River to Wigry Lake, besides the tract from Czerwony Folwark to Wysoki Most towards the east of Wigry Lake. The following microbiological indices were examined: TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC, TC, FC, FS, Clostridium perfringens as well as numerical ratio FC:FS. The results of the examination of the number of respective indicator bacteria were compared with the purity criteria, organic substance loading and excrement material and water usefulness for recreation. Unsignificant contamination of the Czarna Hancza River was observed in Stary Brod not far from Suwalki and in Czerwony Folwark, Mackowa Ruda and Buda Ruska in the eastern part of Lake Wigry, significant and/or strong water contamination of this river was noticed on the track from Suwalki to its mouth to Wigry Lake. The sources of the contamination were shown: point (sewages) and spacious (catchment) and leakage from cesspools in Sobolewo. A significant decrease of the number of the examined indicator bacteria of the contamination degree (TVC 20oC, TVC 37oC) of this part of the river in 1995 and 1996 was observed. The usefulness for bathing the examined fragment of the River Czarna Hancza above Suwalki and the fragment from Czerwony Folwark to Wysoki Most towards the east from Wigry Lake was presented.
This paper presents the results of sanitary and bacteriological analyses of water and bottom sediments of an artificially aerated eutrophic Lake Starodworskie, Mazurian Lakeland, performed in 1986-1988. Analyses of water (in a vertical and horizontal profile) and of bottom sediments (from the 0-5 cm layer) were performed on five stations; samples were collected at monthly intervals: in 1986 when aeration was of low density; in 1987, when it was intensive; and in 1988, under the ice cover. The following indices were determined: TVC 20°C, TVC 37"C, TC, FC and FS. Numbers of micro-organisms belonging to these groups in water and bottom sediments were different in 1986 and 1987 and related to the intensity of aeration, distance from the lake shore, depth, and season, and atmospheric conditions. Bacteriological purity of water and bottom sediments was defined based on the usual water quality criteria, water suitability for recreational use, lake loading with organic matter easily decomposed by bacteria, and its loading with pollutants originating from humans and animals. The results suggest that the majority of water samples were clean or only slightly polluted, and loading of lake sediments with easily decomposed organic matter was relatively low, but they were fairly polluted with animal faeces. Pollution of water and of bottom sediments was higher in the first year of aeration than in the second one.
Celem pracy była analiza jakości osadów ściekowych pochodzących z oczyszczalni ścieków w Suwałkach oraz badanie pod względem przydatności metody kompostowania osadów z masą odpadów organicznych wzbogaconych preparatem biologicznym Trigger-4 do przyrodni-czego zagospodarowania. Badane osady ściekowe charakteryzowały się dużą ilością substancji organicznej i składników nawozowych. Zawartości metali ciężkich były niskie, nie przekraczały dopuszczalnych norm w osadach ściekowych do zastosowania ich w rolnictwie oraz do rekultywacji terenów. W osadzie nie wykryto zapłodnionych i niezapłodnionych jaj pasożytów, należących do rodzaju Ascaris lumbricoides. Oznaczono wysokie miano bakterii z grupy Coli w materiale, przy niższym mianie bakterii Clostridium perfringens. Ze względu na to badane osady nie mogą być wykorzystane w rolnictwie. Materiał osadowy może być wykorzystywany tylko do rekultywacji terenów na cele nierolne oraz do uprawy roślin nieprzeznaczonych do spożycia i produkcji pasz oraz do upraw roślin energetycznych. Podczas kompostowania osadu ściekowego z kompostem „Dano” i dodatkiem preparatu biologicznego stwierdzono najintensywniejszą biodegradację materii organicznej. Zawartość azotu w kompostowanych odpadach organicznych wzrastała w początkowym okresie procesu kompostowania. W kompostowanych materiałach ilość fosforu miała niewielką tendencję wzrostową w masie odpadowej wzbogaconej biopreparatem. Wykazano w przeprowadzonych wstępnych badaniach, że zastosowany biopreparat Trigger-4 korzystnie wpłynął na przebieg procesu kompostowania osadu ściekowego z frakcją bioodpadów, procesowi biodegradacji materii organicznej nie towarzyszyły przykre zapachy.
This work comprises the results of examinations of a number of indicator bacteria on the degree of pollution (TVC 20°C, TVC 37°C), sanitary state (TC, FC, FS), and usefulness for recreation of Hanczanska Bay and areas adjoining Wigry Lake. Adequate studies were made in 1997, a year after the start of 3rd degree sewage treatment in the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Suwalki. All of these bacteria in general were more numerous in the water of Hanczanska Bay, especially in spring-summer. In the waters of northern Ploso of Wigry Lake numbers of bacteria were only periodically numerous at some water samples. The highest percentage of pure water samples fulfilling the requirement for bathing waters was found at sites on the border between Hanczanska Bay and the waters of Northern Ploso of Wigry Lake; the lowest percentage was found at sites in Hanczanska Bay. Gradual decrease of TVC 20°C ( sometimes 37°C) with the distance from the mouth of the Czarna Hancza River towards south-east sites shows this direction of the movement of main water masses of the Czarna Hancza River. No significant differences in percentage of unpolluted water samples stated in Hanczanska Bay and areas adjoing Wigry Lake with a comparison of data from 1994-1996 years of investigation.
Research of the healthiness of winter wheat depending on the soil tillage system and rate of nitrogen fertilization were carried out in 1998-2001. The largest threat to the healthiness of plants was tan spot, which was caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, especially in cropping season 1999/2000. The soil tillage system diversified the intensification of occurence of this pathogen, only in two last years of research. The most infected by P. tritici-repentis was wheat, which was cultivated in the direct sowing. Application of underplant crop of white clover in the direct sowing contributed to the improvement of the plants healthiness. The highest rate of nitrogen fertilization (120 kgN ha⁻¹) in the highest degree favoured the damage of wheat by P tritici-repentis, but only in two first years of research. The second pathogen Blumeria graminis, which caused powdery mildew of cereals, occured in small amount and didn’t have any influence on the healthiness of winter wheat.
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