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Twenty four cases of poisoning were described in 24 horses after feeding them with a forage containing 61 mg of salinomycin/kg. Aside from ciincal examinations, blood examinations were done on the third and fifth day. They included: number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, activity of AspAT, A1AT and AP, level of urea, creatinine, Na, K, Mg, Ca, inorganic - P and parameters of the acid - base equilibrium. The most characteristic changes involved: atonic paralysis of hindlimbs, very high levels of AspAT and A1AT and changes in the acid - base equilibrium in the direction of alcalization. Despite therapy 8 horses died and 10 others had to be authanized because of generally poor health.
The aims of the study were determining the median cytotoxicity indicate (IC50), nature of cell death (apoptosis/ necrosis), assessment and morphology of changes observed in FAO cell line culture of hepatocytes subjected to ionophore antibiotics, salinomycin and lasalocid, incubations. INVTTOX recommended MTT, NRU and KB cytotoxicity tests were used to research mitochondrial, protein synthesis and cell proliferation. In addition cell staining in order to reveal membrane destruction that established cell death character May-Grunwald & Giemsa staining were also conducted. Cytotoxicity indices (IC50) estimated by the 24 hour MTT test were at a level 2.41 ± 0.29 mM and 7.93 ± 0.01 mM; however, after a 48 hour incubation the values lowered to 0.112739 ± 0.01 mM and 0.59 ± 0.01 mM for salinomycin and lasalocid, respectively. In contrast to the MTT data, that of NRU and KB tests were higher, indicating mitochondria as the main subcellular target for the antibiotic action. The determined IC50 values were positively related to DL50 (the data from references). Hepatocytes death were established to be of an apoptosis nature. Cell morphology was changed from IC50 depending on manner; the lower value of the indicate corresponded to more pronounced cytopathologic findings. Summarizing, monolayer cell cultures of rat hepatocytes proved to serve as a useful model for cytotoxicity studies enabling to indicate subcellular targets for ionophore antibiotics
In three experiments, executed on calfs it was examined the influence of increasing participation of bruised rye grain (from 0 to 30%), antibiotics (zincbacitracine, saltmycine, monesine and avoparcine) and different levels of soya been and rape bruised grain in substantial mixtures on productive and physiological coefficients. Together with increasing level of rye (0, 10, 20, 30%) in the mixture, it decreased the quantity of received fodder about 3.8, 6.8 and 10.9% in comparison to checking group. The best increments of live-stock obtained with monesine addition, whereas the maximum consumption of feeding stuff noted down in saltmycine application. It noticed the substantial influence of antibiotic serving on seeming digestibility and adoption of Ca, P and Mg. The saltmycine and avoparcine accompaniment reduced the level of Ca assimilation, but raised the P. Monesine and avoparcine reduced the seeming digestibility of Mg.
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