An attempt has been made to assess the effect of decade temperatures in 5 separate agropheno- phases on the yield of winter rape, separately for wheat and rye soil complexes in 7 regions of the country. The authors give the coefficients of multiple regression, linear and quadratic, interactions, the rates of increase or decrease in rape yield per 1 °C deviation per decade from mean temperatures in the agrophenophases under consideration, as well as the optimum temperatures and maximum yields than can be obtained under these conditions.