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Biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols in developing and maturing seeds of winter vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.]

100%

Lahuta L. B.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

2006

tom 75

nr 3

219-227

Changes in the accumulation of two types of α-D-galactosides: raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols were compared with changes in the activities of galactosyltransferases during winter vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) seed development and maturation. Occurrence of galactinol and raffinose in young seeds and changes in activities of galactinol synthase and raffinose synthase during seed development indicated that formation of raffinose oligosaccharides (RFOs) preceded synthesis of galactopinitols. Although transfer of galactose residues into raffinose oligosaccharides increased as seeds were maturing, at late stages of seed maturation the accumulation of galactopinitols was preferred to that of RFOs. In the present study, activities of enzymes transferring galactose moieties from galactinol to D-pinitol forming galactopinitol A, and further transfer of galactose moieties from galactinol to mono- and di-galactopinitol A were detected throughout seed development and maturation. This is a new observation, indicating biological potential of winter vetch seeds to synthesize mono-, di- and tri-galactosides of D-pinitol in a pathway similar to RFOs. The pattern of changes in activities of stachyose synthase and enzymes synthesizing galactopinitols (named galactopinitol A synthase and ciceritol synthase) suggests that formation of stachyose, mono- and di-galactopinitol A (ciceritol) is catalyzed by one enzyme. High correlation between activities of verbascose synthase and enzyme catalyzing synthesis of tri-galactopinitol A from galactinol and ciceritol (named tri-galactopinitol A synthase) also suggests that biosynthesis of both types of tri-galactosides was catalyzed by one enzyme, but distinct from stachyose synthase. Changes in concentrations of galactosyl acceptors (sucrose and D-pinitol) can be a factor which regulates splitting of galactose moieties between both types of galactosides in winter vetch seeds.

Field and in vitro study on prebiotic effect of raffinose family oligosaccharides in chickens

88%

Bednarczyk M., Urbanowski M., Gulewicz P., Kasperczyk K., Maioramo G., Szwaczkowski T.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

2011

tom 55

nr 3

Two trials were conducted. The aim of the first trial, performed under field conditions, was the comparison of the rearing performance between the chickens injected in ovo with 1.9 mg of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) (experimental group E), and chickens administered with the antibiotics (control group C). Environmental and feed conditions were similar for both groups. The mortality, feed intake, and slaughter body weight were recorded from farm documentation. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and European production efficiency factor (EPEF) were calculated. The aim of the second trial, performed under laboratory condition, was to determine the prebiotic effect of different doses of RFOs (0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, or 5.0%) on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in vitro. Prebiotic effect of RFOs administered with a single in ovo injection had a similar effect on broiler performance (survivability, growing period, and EPEF), to antibiotics given as growth promoters. Body weight and FCR was significantly higher in the group E in comparison to the group C. The prebiotic in vitro effect of RFOs was evident. The obtained data suggest that at least in the case of Bifidobacterium bifidum, RFOs could show the dose-dependent effects on the bacteria number. This work opens the opportunity of using, in technical scale, in ovo technology to deliver other bioactives to stimulate the prebiotic effect.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

1 Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

1 Bednarczyk M.

1 Gulewicz P.

1 Kasperczyk K.

1 Lahuta L. B.

1 Maioramo G.

1 Szwaczkowski T.

1 Urbanowski M.

1 2011

1 2006

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Biosynthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides and galactosyl pinitols in developing and maturing seeds of winter vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.]

Field and in vitro study on prebiotic effect of raffinose family oligosaccharides in chickens