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The experiments on celery, curly kale and lettuce reported in this paper were carried out in a greenhouse, with plants grown in 2 dm3 pots filled with peat substrate. The trials were established in a completely randomized design. The aim was to determine the effect of increasing nitrogen doses (0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 g N dm-3 of substrate) on N-tot., NO3-N, concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu as well as ratios between these elements in three vegetable species such as curly kale, lettuce, and celery, distinguished by different degrees of sensitivity to salinity. An increase in the content of total nitrogen and NO3-N in lettuce, curly kale and celery appeared to be parallel to the increasing doses of nitrogen, while the average total nitrogen content was similar in all the tested species, and the content of N-NO3 in kale was about five-fold lower than in lettuce and celery. The level of nitrogen fertilization influenced the content of potassium and magnesium in lettuce as well as the content of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in celery. The nitrogen doses significantly differentiated proportions between the nutrients in plants, mostly the K:Mg and Zn:Cu ratios. The increasing doses of nitrogen modified the content of microelements and proportions between various components in the tested plant species.
The aim of the study was to assess how the proportion of dicotyledons in the lawn was influenced by aboveground biomass containing Festuca rubra, cv. ‘Areta’, ‘Nimba’, and ‘Olivia’, cut and left on the lawn surface. This influence was evaluated based on the changes in the species composition of the lawn sward. In the control treatments, the cut turf was removed from the lawn surface immediately after cutting. The study showed that the botanical composition of the lawn varied and depended on the cultivar of F. rubra and the assessment date. In the treatments where the cut turf with F. rubra ‘Areta’ and ‘Olivia’ was not removed, grasses were found to have a higher proportion than dicotyledons and other unsown species, both in the spring and autumn. In the treatments with ‘Nimba’, this effect was only observed in the autumn. ‘Nimba’ demonstrated the greatest ability to limit the proportion of dicotyledons in the lawn sward.
The research material consisted of 101 primiparous cows born from Chaloraise sires. Cows were divided into four genotype groups: 1) pure-bred Charolaise, 2) crossbreds with 75% Charolaise and 25% Black-and-White, 3) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Black-and- -White, 4) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Simmental.An analysis of the body weight of primiparous cows and calves at weaning was performed. The measurements of the height at withers, hip height and chest girth were taken and the assessment of conformation, size and production traits was carried out. The crossbred cows obtained results similar to or somewhat worse than those for the pure-bred Charolaise cows. The obtained results indicate that cows crossbred with Black-and-White breed are a very good material for the production of beef calves with the fattening traits similar to those of the beef breed used for absorptive crossing or the crossbred cows of pure beef breeds.
Introduction. A new trend in food production is to use a whey proteins as a food addi- tives. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the impact of increased proportions of whey proteins in sheep milk on the course of its fermentation process. Material and methods. The materials used in the experiments was sheep and cow milk of natural ratio of whey to casein proteins (1:4) and sheep milk in which the ratio of whey to casein proteins amounted to 1:1 and 4:1. The dynamics of the fermentation process and the stability of final products was described on the basis of pH value, titratable acidity, lactose, galactose and lactic acid content. Results. Higher, in relation to natural, ratios of whey to casein proteins (1:1 and 4:1) in sheep milk increased the acidity of the final product after incubation and decreased the degree of fermented lactose. The cooling storage of fermented milks failed to affect changes in pH value, titratable acidity, galactose and lactic acid content of the final products. Conclusion. Changes in ratios of whey to casein proteins result in differences in dynamics of sheep milk fermentation but not influenced on final product's stability.
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