In this first instalment, the properties of various kinds of ionizing radiation are described. With the discovery of radioactivity, assessment of the effects of ionizing radiation on humans became an issue. The authors present principal units used in dosimetry: gray for absorbed dose units, curie and röntgen for exposure to radiation, and also the measurements of ionizing radiation dose rates.
Как сторонники, так и противники ядерной энергетики часто высказываются демагогически, используя самые удобные для себя аргументы. Одни ссылаются на парадыгму, что радиоактивность вредна при каждой дозе. Другие действуют аргументом о стимуляционном эфекте, значит о полезном влиянии экспозиции на так называемые низкие дозы радиоактивности. Автор пытается взвешивать аргументы двух спорящих сторон.
In mineral raw materials used in the production of building materials natural radionuclides (potassium - 40, radium - 226, thorium - 228) occur. If ionizing radiation exceeds the annual natural background doses, then the danger of the human health is to be feared. The effect of this radiation within buildings is presented as well as the existing legal regulations dealing with the limitation of the adverse effects of the radiation of building materials. Recently some new regulations concerning the protection against the danger due to radon radiation have also appeared.