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Studies were performed on 60 carps werghing from 30 to 40 g. Levamisole was used at the concentration of 10 mg per 1 l of water for 1 hour, and the drug TFX at 5 mg per 1 l of water for 96 hours. Blood was collected after 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12 and 16 weeks after the treatment. The following were assessed: the number of leukocytes and neutrocytes, the metabolic activity of granulocytes (NBT) and the level of lysozyme in the blood by the spectophotometric method. It was found that both levamisole and the drug TFX possessed immunostimulating effects in carps. Their effects lasted for 5 weeks following levamisole administration and to the end of the experiment in case of the TFX drug. The authors suggest that the TFX drug is more effective than levamisole and persists for a longer time in carps treated in such a manner.
The experiments were carried out on mice (Balb/c, 6 weeks old) exposed to restraint stress. Animals were restrained for 12 h per day at nighttime and released at daytime for 2 consecutive days. Some mice were immunized i.p. immediately before the stress with 4xl08 sheep red blood cell (SRBC). Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DTC, 20 mg/kg) was administered i.p. twice e.g. 4 and 2 days prior to restraint stress. Calf thymus extract (TFX, 10 mg/kg) was injected i.p. four times at 24 h intervals prior to exposure to stress. It was found that restraint stress led to thymic atrophy which was reflected in the decreased total number of thymocytes, weight index of the thymus, and caused depletion of thymocytes. In addition, it was found that restraint stress reduced humoral response to SRBC which was reflected in the decreased number of splenocytes producing anti-SRBC antibodies (PFC) and serum haemagglutynin titres (19S+7S and 7S). The total number of spleen cells and weight index of the spleen in stressed mice were also diminished. The suppressing effect of stress was observed for 10 days. Pretreatment with DTC or TFX partially counteracted the immunosuppresive effects of restraint stress. Administration of DTC or TFX retarded the stress-induced thymic atrophy and promoted the restoration of the synthesis of anti-SRBC haemagglutinins and the number of PFC. Regeneration of the thymus gland occured more rapidly in stressed mice previously treated with TFX. On the other hand, the stronger effect of restoring the humoral response to SRBC was observed for DTC.
The purpose of this experiment was to estimate the most effective doses of TFX, used in injection and in bath, for the stimulation of the activity of lymphocytes in common carp The study was performed on 9-month-old carps obtained after spring catches (in March). The fish were divided into 10 groups. Fish in groups I-IV were given TFX by intramuscular injection at doses of 20, 10, 0.5, and 0.2 mg/fish. Fish in groups VI-IX were bathed for 24, 48, and 96 hours in TFX at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, and 20 mg/l of water. Groups V and X were control. Blood samples were taken immediately after the administration of TFX in bath and after 2, 7, 14, and 28 days in groups I-IV and VIII-IX. The following parameters were determined: the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes in 1 μl of blood, the percentage of ANAE+ and E-rosette-forming cells, and the proliferative activity of lymphocyte cell cultures stimulated with Con A. Results: TFX at doses of 100, 200 mg/l of water and 10, 20 mg/fish administered by injection showed a suppressive effect on the parameters investigated. TFX at doses of 50, 20 mg/l of water and 0.5, 0.2 mg/fish caused an increase in the number of leukocytes and lymphocytes, a higher percentage of ANAE+ cells and rosette-forming cells, as well as a multiple increase in the proliferative activity of lymphocytes stimulated with Con A. The highest values were obtained after the administration of TFX in a 96-hour bath at a concentration of 50 mg/l of water.
Immunostimulatory effects of levamisole and TFX-Polfa have been compared in carp (300 fish of a body weight 150-200 g) under field conditions. Just after being taken from the fishery the carps were exposed to a 1 h medicated bath (10 mg of levamisole/1) and then after 5 weeks they were fed levamisole at a dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight every second day for 2 weeks. After the fish were caught TFX-Polfa was injected intraperitoneally once at a dose of 0,2 mg/fish. During a span of 24 weeks clinical obser­vations were made and immunological profiles were de­termined. The number of leukocytes and neutrocytes in 1 pi of blood, metabolic activity of neutrocytes (NBT) and activity of lysozyme (spectrophotometric method) were estimated. It was found that a single immunostimulation of the carp with levamisole activated immunemechanisms in spiring whereas a second dose of levamisole in fodder also activated the immuneprotective mechanisms in sum­mer and autumn. A single dose of TFX-Polfa increased immunologic activity of the carp during the whole period of observation. The level of this activity was higher than that after a second stimulation by levamisole.
Цель работы состоляла в оценке состояния здоровья карпов, подвергрихся инвазии пиявок и леченных против нее при помощи определения состояния клеточного иммунитета, а также его стимуляции, которая могла бы помочь вернуться к правильному состоянию здоровья. Исследования выполняли на 40 карпах (К₂), разделенных на 5 подопытных групп. Оценку состояния здоровья рыб, свободных от паразитов (группа I) и в ходе инвазии пиявок (группа II), а также по применении лечебного купания в растворе Neguvon (группа III) и иммуностимупяционного препарата TFX (группа IV и V) определяли на основе числа эритроцитов и лейкоцитов, метаболической активности гранулоцитов при применении теста NBT, а тачже чела лимфоцитов Т, оцениваемого на основе розеточного теста Е и цитохимического исследования. На основе полученных результатов отметили, что инвазия пиявок вызывает у карпов отчетливые изменения в исследуемых показателях состояния здоровья рыб. После лечебного купания эти величины значительно понизились. Ввод препарата TFX показал стимулирующее действие на иммунную систему карпа.
W przebiegu doświadczalnej amyloidozy u świń, wywołanej domięśniowym podawaniem kazeinianu sodu, określono wpływ lewamizolu i preparatu „TFX-Polfa" na reaktywność układu immunologicznego w zakresie nieswoistej i swoistej odporności komórkowej i humoralnej. Tę ostatnią indukowano żywą szczepionką wirusa chA. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że w okresie przedamyloidowym następuje wzrost, a w fazie amyloidowej spadek wartości wszystkich badanych parametrów, tj. liczby limfocytów T i B, ich aktywności metabolicznej, aktywności fagocytarnej leukocytów, poziomu dopełniacza, lizozymu i przeciwciał seroneutralizujących wirus chA. Immunorekonstrukcyjny wpływ badanych immunostymulatorów był większy w drugiej fazie - amyloidowej i przejawiał się zmniejszeniem odkładania złogów amyloidu w narządach, co oznacza, że wymierna skuteczność preparatu „TFX-Polfa" była wyższa niż lewamizolu.
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