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During our study we examined 19 most popular Polish potato cultivars. Susceptibility of tubers to bacterial infection was assessed by two methods: direct injection of bacterial suspension into tuber tissue and clay-inoculation method. The cultivars were divided into three groups: tolerant, relatively susceptible and susceptible. Elida, Bila and Vistula proved to be the most susceptible potato cultivars whereas Ekra and Mila the most resistant. Some of the cultivars such as Oda had resistant peel and susceptible tissue. Therefore during storage of Oda-like cultivars healthy and undamaged tubers are so important.
We evaluated the carotenoid profile and concentration (by HPLC) and the phytochemical content of two OFSP varieties (Umuspo 3 and Ex-Igbariam) planted at three distances (20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm) and harvested in two different periods (12th and 16th weeks after planting) respectively. Carotene contents of the outer peel and inner flesh of the sweet potato varieties were also determined. The results showed wide variation in the carotenoid and phytochemical content among the varieties at different planting spaces and harvest periods. Umuspo 3 planted at 20 cm, 30 cm and 40 cm had significantly greater carotenoid concentration than Ex-Igbariam variety. The predominant carotenoid was β-carotene with highest concentration obtained from 40 cm planting distance (92.82µg/g) and 30 cm (80.97µg/g) for Umuspo 3. Ex-Igbariam at 30 cm planting distance contained 2.51µg/g β-carotene when harvested after 16th weeks. Also the highest β-carotene concentration was from Umuspo 3 flesh sample planted 30 and 40 cm (409.45 and 441.15 mg/100g) and the peel for samples planted 30 and 40 cm (490.47 and 640.69 mg/100g, respectively) at the 12th week of harvest. Flavonoids were present in significant amounts (310.62mg/100g) in Umuspo 3 planted at 30 cm and harvested after 12th week while in total polyphenol, significant quantities of ≈42.12mg/100g was present in Ex-Igbariam spaced at 30 cm and 40 cm and harvested after 16th week. Provitamin A carotenoid was calculated and Umuspo 3 pro-vitamin A carotenoid was significantly higher (p< 0.05) with highest concentration (742.26 RE/100g) present in samples from 40 cm planting distance. The results showed that planting space and harvesting period had significant impact on the carotenoid and phytochemical concentrations of OFSP varieties. Planting distances of 30 and 40 cm are recommended for high carotenoid content in the two sweet potato varieties.
Two potato cultivars, sprayed and nonsprayed with fungicides, were evaluated to determine the association of late blight (caused by Phytophtora infestans) and radiometric leaf reflectance to disease development. Spectral radiance measurements were taken with CIMEL CE3132 luminancemeter in the visible (450 nm, 550 nm and 650 nm) and near-infrared (850 nm) range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The measurements were taken at two view zenithal angles: ɸv= 0° (at nadir) and ɸv = 50°. Six vegetative indices based on these measurements were used to detect differences between sprayed and nonsprayed plants. Vegetation indices based on the reflectance measurement enable to distinguish infected potato plants from noninfected plants. Among the vegetation indices used in this studies the best indicators of disease were NIR/RED and ELAI. Results of our study show that for Mila cultivar oblique viewing may be more effective then nadir viewing (perpendicular to the ground surface) for distinguishing between plants infested at different degree.
Use of growth regulators at potato cultivation and its effect on subsequent french-fries quality. The qualitative analyses of french-fries were based on tuber samples from a field experiment carried out on sandy-loamy soil in 1990-1992 in Parczew, Biała Podlaska Province. The experiment was set up with randomized subblocks in three replications. The subblocks of 1st row were made by the growth regulators: a) Mival concentration 500 mg × l-1 water; b) Poteitin concentration 10 mg × l-1 water; c) the control with distilled water. The growth regulators were applied onto the tubers in a spray form just before the planting. A factor of 2nd row was made by 37 potato cultivars out of all the earliness groups. Regulator Mival contributed to french-fries taste and flavour improvement in the years of a warm and dry potato vegetative period and Poteitin preparation has contributed significantly to improve french-fries consistency.
The study were carried out in the years 1996–1998 on the soil characterized as a good rye complex. The experiment was set according to the method of randomized sub blocks at 3 replications. The four following factors were examined: 1) cultivation technologies: a) conventional technology – control, b) with polyethylene sheeting, c) with polypropylene sheeting, d) with double shield of polypropylene and polyethylene sheeting; 2) methods of weed control of potato: a) mechanical, b) with Afalon, c) with Racer, d) with herbicide mixture Afalon + Command; 3) potato cultivars: Aster and Drop; 4) harvest terms: a) 60 days after planting, b) 75 days after planting, c) harvest at full maturity. Coverage application at potato cultivation, as compared to traditional one, contributed to the decrease of dry mass and the increase of starch, total sugars, reducing sugars and sacharose in the potato tubers.
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