Wyniki wyszukiwania - AGRO

1

The curious case of 2½ D

100%

Tobler W.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2015

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tom 34

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nr 4

2

Les structures demographiques et socio-economiques de quelques villes europeennes: quelques reflexions comparatives

100%

Vandermotten C., Marissal P.

Geographia Polonica

|

1993

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tom 61

3

Size and overlap of home range in a high density population of the Japanese field vole Microtus montebelli

100%

Urayama K.

Acta Theriologica

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1995

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tom 40

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nr 3

Relationships of size and overlap of home range with the population density in a flood plain population of Microtus montebelli (Milne-Edwards, 1872) with high density were examined from April to December 1993 using mark-recapture method. Population density in the study area was reached 280 males/ha and 236 females/ha in summer. Although reproductively active voles were present throughout this study, more than half of females underwent reproductively resting period in summer. Main breeding seasons were spring and autumn when the density was relatively low. While the home range size of adult males did not decrease in summer when the population density was higher than other seasons, that of adult females was significantly smaller in summer than in spring or autumn. In summer, males showed significantly larger degree of home range overlap than in spring or autumn, while home ranges of females overlapped little throughout this study. These results differed from those of the previous studies on this species, possibly due to much higher density in mountainous populations.

4

The composition and role of parasitoids in reducing population densities of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella L. on different cabbage vegetables

86%

Jankowska B., Wiech K.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2006

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tom 46

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nr 3

275-284

In 1993–1997, 990 pupae of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) were collected from nine different varieties of Brasica oleracea L., grown on experimental farm near Kraków. Only 234 moths (23.6%) were recovered from the cocoons. The most important factor reducing the population of DBM was parasitization (65.1%). It varied between the years of observation and oscillated from 60% to 90.3%. Sixhundred and fourty four specimens of parasitic wasps belonging to 11 species from families: Ichneumonidae (5 species), Braconidae (3 species), Pteromalidae (2 species) and Eulophidae (1 species) were reared out. In each year of observations the most abundant species among DBM parasitoids was Diadegma fenestralis Holmgr. as it constituted 71.4% of all of the wasps reared. In the years 1994 and 1996 with low abundance of diamondback moth, D. fenestralis was the only species parasitizing 66.7% and 89.5% of the pest larvae

5

Density and habitat requirements of introduced Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus in northern Italy

86%

Vidus R. A., Meriggi A., Serrano Perez S.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

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nr 2

139-151

Following the introductions carried out in late 1960s, Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Allen, 1890 rapidly colonized the Po Plain (northern Italy), following the Po River and its tributaries. We monitored a cottontail population using the line-transect method from autumn 2005 to spring 2009 in a 8.2-km2 study area located along the Po River, and we investigated species habitat requirements by assessing the presence/absence of faecal pellets in 200 randomly distributed plots from September 2006 to August 2007 and by Resource Selection Probability Function through logistic regression analyses and multi-model inference. The cottontail population varied dramatically over time in size, with a great drop at the end of the breeding period. Cottontails selected foraging habitats at the macro- and micro-scales, with some differences among seasons. Two macro-habitat variables differed significantly between used and unused plots through seasons: arboriculture stands were always greater in presence plots, whereas winter cereals were always greater in absence ones. On the macro-level, woody and herbaceous habitats, such as fallow fields, characterized presence plots. At the micro-habitat level, presence plots were associated with permanent dense cover except during summer. Several logistic regression models were built through seasons and ranked using the Akaike’s Information Criterion. Arboriculture stands enhanced cottontail presence mostly during the growing season contrary to crop fields. Hedgerows were used according to availability during feeding activity. Cottontail habitat selection varied according to seasonal changes in resource availability and suitability of the different habitat types.

6

Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) density estimate based on radio tracking and other data sources

86%

Quaglietta L., Hajkova P., Mira A., Boitani L.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

Estimating animal population size is a critical task in both wildlife management and conservation biology. Precise and unbiased estimates are nonetheless mostly difficult to obtain, as estimates based on abundance over unit area are frequently inflated due to the “edge effect” bias. This may lead to the implementation of inappropriate management and conservation decisions. In an attempt to obtain an as accurate and conservative as possible picture of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) numbers, we combined radio tracking data from a subset of tracked individuals from an extensive project on otter ecology performed in Southern Portugal with information stemming from other data sources, including trapping, carcasses, direct observation of tagged and untagged individuals, relatedness estimates among genotyped individuals, and a minor contribution from non-invasive genetic sampling. In 158 km of water network, which covers a sampling area of 161 km2 and corresponds to the minimum convex polygon constructed around the locations of five radio-tracked females, 21 animals were estimated to exist. They included the five radio-tracked, reproducing females and six adult males. Density estimates varied from one otter per 3.71–7.80 km of river length (one adult otter per 7.09–14.36 km) to one otter per 7.67–7.93 km2 of range, depending on the method and scale of analysis. Possible biases and implications of methods used for estimating density of otters and other organisms living in linear habitats are highlighted, providing recommendations on the issue.

7

Sex differences in preening behaviour in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

86%

Zolnierowicz K. M., Nyklova-Ondrova M., Tobolka M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 3

Preening is a type of feather maintenance behaviour in birds, that fulfils an important role in grooming. Preening may also be important for signalling quality of mates. Therefore we hypothesized that the frequency of preening may be related to sex and population density of White Stork Ciconia ciconia. We observed preening activity of 25 pairs in Western Poland at the beginning of incubation, when preening frequency is the highest. Birds were observed on the nest, because most preening behaviour occurs there. We found that being on the nest males spent proportionally more time on preening than females (on average 30% vs. 16%). Females spent more time preening when their mate was present at the nest. There was no significant relationship between preening frequency and indirect quality indicators (arrival date, laying date, hatching date, clutch size, brood size) nor between the distance to nearest neighbours and the time males and females spent on preening.

8

Body mass-population density scaling at the local scale: does the energy equivalence rule hold for forest mammals?

86%

Hoste-Danylow A., Danylow J., Ulrich W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 4

The energy equivalence rule assumes that the scaling of population density with body mass is inversely proportional to the scaling of individual metabolic rate. As a result, the total population energy use, calculated as the product of individual metabolic rate and population density, is independent of body mass. Here we evaluated the validity of this rule at the scale of a single community of mammals. Strong linear dependencies were found between log-transformed individual metabolic rate and log-transformed body mass as well as between body mass and density. The slopes of these relationships are close to the predicted |3/4| value and, in accordance with the energy equivalence rule, exhibit opposite values. The results however supported this rule only at the scale of the whole community. When small and large species were considered separately, population energy use increased with body mass. Analyzing these two groups separately strongly decreased the range of body mass considered. Body mass range seems to be a critical factor to find support for the energy equivalence rule at the scale of a single community.

9

Formation of the so-called "bacon belt" around the city on the example of the Warsaw agglomeration

86%

Lusawa R.

Roczniki Naukowe Stowarzyszenia Ekonomistów Rolnictwa i Agrobiznesu

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2008

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tom 10

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nr 5

The subject of the study is the problem of formation of a high population density area around Warsaw. Such areas, referred to as "Speckguertel" in the German literature (bacon belt), have a strong influence both on the development of the cities around which they form and on areas further away. Since this influence may be both positive and negative it is important to manage the spatial development in such a manner so as to avoid an increase in the number of communication problems.

10

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Unionidae of the lakes of the Krutynia River system (Mazurian Lakeland)

86%

Lewandowski K., Jakubik B.

Folia Malacologica

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2012

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tom 20

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nr 1

11

Determining the influence of population density on the land surface temperature based on remote sensing data and GIS techniques: application to Prizren, Kosovo

86%

Dushi M., Berila A.

Przegląd Naukowy. Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2022

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tom 31

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nr 1

12

Effect of botanicals on infestation intensity of Aceria guererronis Keifer in coconut

86%

Patnaik S., Rout K., Pal S., Mukherjee P. S., Panda P. K., Sahoo S.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2010

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tom 50

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nr 2

193-196

The withdrawal of chemical pesticides opens up a new perspective to control pests through botanical extracts. The essential oils derived from various medicinal and aromatic plants proved to have antifungal, antibacterial and insecticidal properties. The present study is directed towards management of a dreaded pest of coconut i.e. eriophyid mite through exploitation of those properties of the plants. The efficacy of a botanical biocide formulated by using seven different aromatic and medicinal herbs against the infestation intensity of eriophyid mite was tested in the experiment at five different coconut farms in different coconut growing states of India. Four application of the formulated product resulted up to 72.17% damage reduction.

13

Population and nesting records of House Sparrow Passer domesticus in Yellampet, Nizamabad District, Telangana, India

86%

Narayana B. L.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2016

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tom 51

Studied the population and nesting records of House Sparrow Passer domesticus during winter in Yellampet village, Telangana. The ecological density of House Sparrow was investigated using fixed width transects. The density of sparrow vary from 15 to 335 per hectare in different transects. Bonferroni confidence interval was used to know the preference of location types i.e., houses, shops and hotels for foraging and nesting. Shops were used significantly more than expected according to availability of nest sites and also for foraging. A total of 81 active nests were recorded. The present study shows that a handful breeding population of House Sparrow harboring in Yellampet village.

14

Changes in red fox habitat preference and rest site fidelity following a disease-induced population decline

86%

Newman T. J., Baker P. J., Simcock E., Saunders G., White P. C. L., Harris S.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 1

The habitat preferences of red foxesVulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758) in Bristol, UK, were compared during periods of high and low population density following an outbreak of sarcoptic mange (Sarcoptes scabiei). These periods are termed ‘pre-epizootic’ and ‘post-epizootic’, respectively. Habitat preferences were compared between periods during nocturnal activity and diurnal inactivity using compositional analysis. Back gardens were the most preferred habitat for pre-epizootic foxes during periods of activity; back gardens and allotment/woodland habitats were equally preferred by post-epizootic foxes, with a trend for allotment/woodland to be the most favoured. During periods of inactivity, pre-epizootic foxes selected back gardens for diurnal rest sites, compared with allotments/woodland in the post-epizootic period. Post-epizootic foxes also showed a significant decrease in rest sitefidelity, such that they were very unlikely to re-use a rest site more than once. In comparison, pre-epizootic foxes were often very faithful to one or a small number of sites. Such changes in habitat preference and rest site fidelity could have been facilitated by: (1) changes in food availability, (2) a decrease in intra-specific competition, (3) the requirements of defending larger territories post-epizootic, or (4) an avoidance of habitats that might increase the likelihood of mange transmission. The management implications of these results are discussed.

15

Influence of the population density and the amount of food on Chironomus plumosus [L.] and Tubificidae. Laboratory experiments

86%

Kajak Z., Prus P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom 52

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nr 1

The aim of this paper has been to examine experimentally the importance of the density of larvae and of the addition of the food for Chironomus and Tubificidae using selected parameters and indices of their populations. Increase of the density of Chironomus plumo- sus larvae (0.5–50.0 thousands ind. m⁻²) in laboratory experiments resulted in the decrease of emergence of imagos, number of tube apertures (3.5–0.4 apertures ind.⁻¹), and in the lower rate of tubes building. The addition of the food (powdered dry daphnids or food tablets for aquarial fish) had only slight effect on tube numbers but it decreased clearly the getting out of larvae from tubes (probably due to improved feeding conditions inside tubes). It had also a slight negative effect on the survival of larvae. Numbers and individual growth of Tubificidae were positively dependent on the addition of the food (also in the form of naturally dead Chironomus larvae) and negatively – on the density of Chironomus.

16

Density - dependent recruitment of the bloater [ Coregonus hoyi ] in Lake Michigan

86%

Brown E. H., Eck G. W.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1992

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tom 39

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nr 3-4

17

The life strategy and dynamics of selected species of phyto- and zooplankton in a dam reservoir during ;wet' and 'dry' years

86%

Pociecha A., Wilk-Wozniak E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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tom 54

|

nr 1

The investigation was carried out during “dry” and “wet” (average: 478.6 mm and 624.7 mm, respectively) years in the Dobczyce Reservoir, which is located in a foothills area of southern Poland. The Reservoir covers 985 ha, has a volume of 108 × 10⁶ m³, a mean depth of 11 m and an average flushing rate of 2.9 yr⁻¹. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed that “dry” and “wet” years differed markedly as regards hydrological variables (water flow and flushing ratio). Among the physico-chemical variables, it was the concentration of NH₄-N that differed most in years of the different hydrological types. The main aim of the study was to check the life strategies and dynamics of selected species among the phyto- and zooplankton during the aforementioned “dry” and “wet” years. The assessment centered on changes in population densities for algal species of differing life strategies according to the Reynolds’ classification, particularly S-species (Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz., Woronichinia naegeliana (Unger) Elenkin., R-species (Asterionella formosa Hass, Cyclotella sp.) and C/S-species (Ceratium hirundinella O. F. Müller) Bergh, Cryptomonas sp.). C species like Chlorella, Rhodomonas and Stephanodiscus hantzschii Grun. (in Cl. & Grunow), which were present in only small numbers, were not taken into consideration. No algal species presented any statistical differences in average population density between the studied years. Factors correlated (Pearson correlation) with the density of algae were found to be: flow, flushing ratio, transparency, turbidity and NO₃-N. Changes in the density of selected zooplankton species representing r-strategists (Bosmina longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785), Brachionus angularis Gosse, 1851, Pompholyx sulcata Hudson, 1851) and K-strategists (Daphnia cucullata Sars, 1862, Daphnia longispina O. F. Müller, 1785, Eudiaptomus gracilis (Sars,1863) were also studied. The densities of Keratella cochlearis (Gosse, 1851) and Mesocylops leuckarti (Claus,1857) differed significantly between hydrological years. Physical environmental factors like flow, flushing ratio, transparency and turbidity were correlated with zooplankton density, as was shown by Pearson correlation coefficient. Our investigations did not confirm the hypothesis that R (phytoplankton) and r (zooplankton) species are favored by “wet” years, while species of types S (phytoplankton) and K (zooplankton) prefer the conditions present in “dry” years. Only the two zooplankton species characterized as different strategists (i.e. the r-selected Keratella cochlearis and K-selected Mesocyclops leuckarti) responded in significantly different ways to “wet” and “dry” years.

18

Morphological variation of oospores in the population of Chara rudis A. Braun in a mesotrophic lake

86%

Boszke P., Bociag K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

The morphological variation of Chara rudis A. Braun oospores was examined in a local population in a deep (43 m), hardwater (34 mg Ca dm–3) and mesotrophic (Ptot 0.095 mg P dm–3, SD 8 m) lake (NW Poland). Two variants of population density and three variants of depth were taken into account. Oospores are 712.8 ± 37.6 (600–817) μm long and 452.6 ± 34.2 (350–516) μm wide. They have 8–13 ridges. The outer membrane is slightly granulated. The isopolarity index (length/width × 100) is 158.4 ± 9.9 (140–190). The variation coefficient varies from 5% for oospore length to around 10% for fossa width. It was shown that the differences between oospores coming from individual depth and density variants are statistically significant. The biggest (733.21 ± 33.3 μm) oospores occurred on individuals growing at a depth of 3 m, while the smallest ones (673.3 ± 43.4 μm) at 5 m. The oospores from highly dense aggregations (> 50 individuals × 0.1 m–2) were much longer and wider than oospores from scattered (<10 individuals × 0.1 m–2) individuals. The observed intrapopulation variation of oospores can be regarded as a response to environmental changes along the depth gradient.

19

The behaviour of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. callistephi and F.oxysporum in China aster growing site

86%

Saniewska A., Orlikowski L. B.

Hodowla Roślin, Aklimatyzacja i Nasiennictwo

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1993

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tom 37

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nr 4

20

Population density and breeding ecology of the House Martin Delichon urbica in Pomerania [NW Poland]

86%

Gorska E.

Acta Ornithologica

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2001

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tom 36

|

nr 1

Studies were carried out in 23 rural-sample plots in NW Poland in 1985-1995 (total study area — 5 117 km2, including 635 villages and other settlements). The density of the breeding population in the overall landscape varied between 2.2 and 16.2 nests/km2, and in built-up areas from 207 to 1303 nests/km2. In the first brood, begun in mid-May, the average clutch was 3.99 eggs; 47% of clutches contained 4 eggs, 23% — 3 eggs and 21% — 5 eggs. In the second brood the average clutch was 3.61 eggs. Clutches of 4 and 3 eggs accounted for 49% and 26% respectively of the total number of clutches. 49% of pairs from the first broods were also involved in second ones. Hatching success (number of young hatched compared with the number of eggs laid) was 94.3% in the first brood and 95.8% in the second. Fledging success (number of young fledged compared to the number hatched) was 97.5% and 95.1% respectively and final breeding success (number of fledglings compared to the number of eggs laid) was 91.9% and 91.2%. A statistical pair produced 5.3 young per breeding season.

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