Pollination ecology of eight populations of Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae, Neottieae) occurring in Lower Silesia in the south-western Poland has been studied. Plants were examined in respect to composition of their nectar and its influence on attracting insects under field conditions. Chemical composition of Epipactis helleborine nectar was studied by means of GC/MS SIM. Pollinators and visitors were recorded in natural populations.