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The aims of the study were: 1. to compare morphometric features of eggs of selected alimentary tract parasites and common garden plants pollen, which may accidentally contaminate a feces undergoing parasitological examination; 2. to make laboratory diagnosticians aware of a possibility of an error at coproscopic examination as well as in helminthologic evaluation of the environmental samples (soil, water). Eggs of 7 species of alimentary tract parasites and 52 common garden plants pollens were examined and compared; using of MultiScanBase v.8.08 computer program the perimeter, length and width of the given objects/images were measured and statistical calculations were made in Statistica 9.1 program. The following conclusions can be drawn: 1. The computer image comparative analysis of parasite eggs and plant pollen proved the existence of statistically significant differences between the particular morphometric features; 2. A routine direct microscopic observation of feces is performed with the naked eye which is not able to notice slight differences (up to a few μm in size), and therefore, despite lack of statistically significant differences, it is easy to make an error; 3. During a routine microscopic observation it should be remembered that the structure, shape or exine of many commonly occurring pollen grains are extremely similar to eggs of some parasites; 4. Both in the analysis of feces specimens and the evaluation of environmental samplings characteristic morphological features of eggs should be considered to facilitate differentiation between eggs and pollen grains; 5. Following the precautionary measures to avoid contamination of feces simples with plants pollens, quality control as well as reliability and awareness of risk eliminates danger of obtaining false positive results.
Pollen concentration in the atmosphere of Vinkovci (northeastern Croatia) has been analyzed using a Hirst-type volumetric spore trap. During the year 2005, 58 pollen types were recorded with the sum of annual totals of 14,011. The pollen spectrum refl ected the fl oristic diversity of the region. Non-arboreal pollen predominantly contributed to the total pollen sum with a percentage of 81.80%. The main pollen producers characterized by allergenic pollen were: Betula, Quercus, Fraxinus, Populus, Pinus, Urticaceae, Ambrosia, Poaceae, Plantago and Artemisia. Urticaceae was the most frequent and most abundant pollen type accounting for 46.58% of the total annual pollen, followed by Ambrosia (19.66%) and Poaceae (11.01%).
The application of phenological data together with meteorological and pollen data in a comprehensive analysis gives an opportunity to draw conclusions on variability of the starting date of the pollen season and its dynamics in terms of meteorological factors. It is quite important especially due to the fact that studies conducted all over Europe have proved that species phenology responds to climate warming trends. There has been observed a tendency to an earlier onset of spring flowering and leafing as well as the lengthening of the growing season. Although phenological network studies differ with regard to regions, species, events observed and applied methods, their data show a clear temperature-driven extension of the growing season by up to 2 weeks in the second half of the 20th century in mid- and high northern latitudes; for example, in Germany changes in timing of phenological spring events have been estimated at about -1.6 days / decade, while in Switzerland: -2.3 days / decade. Despite interannual variability in flowering date, caused by specific meteorological conditions each year, long-time series of phenological data from the area of Poland have proved that hazel flowering occurred in the surroundings of Warsaw later in the 50’s (third decade of March) than it is observed at the beginning of the 21st century (second decade of March). There is a lack of such long time series of pollen data, but we can suspect that the hazel pollen season has changed similarly to the time pattern of its flowering. Plants are very sensitive to weather conditions, therefore it is important to know as precisely as possible the impact of meteorological conditions on a plant’s reactions. The determination of thermal thresholds for a specific plant’s reactions may be beneficial for this purpose. The estimated value of Positive Degree Days (PDD> 50), which caused the first Corylus flowers (F2 phenophase) to bloom in the study years, requires testing in future years to make the threshold values credible.
This paper presents the results of an analysis of pollen season patterns for taxa which show the strongest allergenic activity (alder, birch, grasses, and mugwort) in 2008 in the air over Wrocław and Olszanica. The study was carried out using the volumetric method (Burkard trap). The results show variation in pollen seasons between the analyzed localities. An attempt was made to find out in which of the sites in question – the urban site or the rural one – there was a greater risk of allergens of the selected plants. The results of the present study show that the alder, birch and grass pollen seasons in 2008 started and ended earlier in Wrocław, and maximum pollen concentrations were definitely lower. But the mugwort pollen season started earlier and ended much later in Olszanica, while maximum pollen concentration of this taxon was more than twice lower than in Wrocław. In 2008 in the investigated localities, the highest pollen concentrations of the plants in question occurred in the following months: alder in February, birch in April, grasses in June, while mugwort in August. In 2008 alder and birch pollen allergen risk was comparable in the investigated urban and rural environment. However, grass and mugwort pollen allergens posed a significantly greater threat in the rural environment than in Wrocław.
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