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The present paper reports Jansenella neglecta Yadhav et al., for the first time to the State of Tamil Nadu and the occurrence of endemic species, Polypogon nilgiricus Kabeer & V.J. Nair from outside the type locality.
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The distribution of Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. in Poland is described, based on herbarium materials. The list of localities with brief description of its taxonomic characteristics, habitat and general distribution have also been included.
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The distribution of Carex hartmanii Cajander in Poland is described based on herbarium materials and supplemented by literature information and unpublished data. The brief description of its taxonomic characteristics, habitat and general distribution is also included.
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The paper presents the distribution, floristic composition and ecological requirements of the pleustonic plant community Utricularietum australis Th. Müller et Görs 1960 in Poland. The association was classifield to the Lemnetea minoris class. Utricularietum australis is considered to be a rare and endangered plant community in Europe.
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Nymphaeetum candidae Miljan 1933 in Poland

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This paper presents the distribution, floristic composition and ecological requirements of the water plant community Nymphaeetum candidae Miljan 1933, belonging to the Potametea class. Until present this community has been reported only from north-eastern Poland. During present studies it was stated also in the south-western part of the country. Nymphaeetum candidae is considered to be a rare and endangered plant community in several countries of Central Europe.
Current and historical occurrence as well as coenotic affinity and ecology of Carex secalina in the Czech Republic and Slovakia are presented. The study is based on revision of herbarium specimens from 25 herbaria, literature data excerption and a field survey carried out during 2004-2010. Altogether, 168 sites were documented in the Czech Republic divided to two separate areas. Stabile occurrence trend was found in last decades, because 45 localities were documented in period 1975-1999 (27% of sites) and recent occurrence was confirmed at 42 localities (24% of sites). On the basis of our current knowledge the species was included into the IUCN threat category VU (vulnerable). In Slovakia, 19 localities of the species were recorded in total, but only 4 sites were confirmed recently (21% of sites recorded). However, only a small number of individuals was recorded there (less than 50 individuals in total) and half of this sites is acutely threatened by destruction (ploughing, secondary succession). Therefore, the C. secalina status in the Slovak Red List was changed to the IUCN category “critically endangered” (CR). Results of the study are summarised in the maps of historical and current species distribution. C. secalina usually occurred in halophytic grassland communities, especially in association Agrostio stoloniferae-Juncetum ranarii Vicherek 1962. However, it may occur in many other communities which suggest that the species had not well-defined coenotic relationships. On the basis of our knowledge, we consider C. secalina as an obligate halophyte.
Potamogeton ×salicifolius Wolfg., the hybrid between P. lucens L. and P. perfoliatus L., is recorded from north-eastern Poland for the fi rst time. The new station is located in the Wigry Lake (the Wigry National Park), within FB19 square unit of the ATPOL cartogram grid. The distribution is updated with one new population of vegetative ramets.
In an agricultural landscape small midfield ponds fulfill biocenotic and physiocenotic functions. A variety of species settle in areas of midfield ponds. The aim of our studies was to determine whether the occurrence of aquatic and marsh species in the studied bodies of water is a random effect or a result of spatial autocorrelation. On the basis of conclusions from ESDA, the hypothesis of spatial randomness can be rejected, which opens the way for searching spatial regimes. The review analysis of the spatial data (ESDA) with the use of join-count statistics showed that there is a positive spatial correlation for the midfield ponds in the agricultural area of the Pyrzyce-Stargard Plain in the distribution of ten aquatic and rush species for a distance of 1,250 m. The results of statistical analysis (ESDA) can constitute the basis for the choice and protection of midfield ponds as stop islands fulfilling functions of "mini" ecological corridors in spreading plant species.
Gentiana asclepiadea L. is a montane flowering plant species that has a very limited lowland distribution in Poland. The only existing lowland station that is known occurs in the Katowice-Muchowiec (Silesian Upland). In this paper a second station from the Silesian Upland in the Mikołów-Jamna area is described. A single cluster of rare albiflora form was observed within the newly discovered population. Information about the status and distribution of the Willow Gentian in Poland is also given.
Plant diaspore dispersal is a fundamental process affecting the development of forest vegetation and its natural regeneration, especially with regard to typical woodland species, which spread slowly and form short-term soil seed banks. Most of these species have poor seed dispersal mechanisms, which is the major cause of their very slow expansion. The following questions were asked: (i) is there a relationship between the age of a woodland and the presence of forest vascular plant species representing different seed dispersal types; (ii) how do the proportions change between species representing different seed dispersal types in relation to the age of woodland; (iii) what factors determine the presence of species representing a given seed dispersal type; (iv) which factors affect the presence and which ones influence the abundance of selected woodland species? A multiple regression models were developed based on data obtained from 144 woodland patches designated for the study. A probit regression analysis was performed for selected species exhibiting various seed dispersal models. Woodland plants of all seed dispersal types show a significant relationship with the age of woodland, starting from the strongest linkage: anemochores, myrmecochores, endozoochores, epizoochores, barochores, autochores. As the woodland ages, the proportion of forest myrmecochores and anemochores grows, whilst the proportion of autochores, epizoochores and endozoochores shrinks. Results obtained indicate that the direct proximity of ancient woodland has a major effect on the occurrence of more poorly dispersing plants in recent woodlands, such as myrmecochores and heavy anemochores.
Future of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in a changing climate is one of the greatest debates in Europe among the studies dealing with the climate change generated xeric limit shifting. We investigated a submontane beech stand’s growth response to climate change in Northern Hungary during the past 60 years following dendrochronological methods. Tree-ring width data were processed using three alternatives of standardization. To recover the basic climate-growth relationships for beech we analyzed the correlation between the tree-ring width indices and monthly precipitation and temperature data, furthermore two drought indices were employed. Late spring-early summer precipitation was the primary climatic factor governing the beech growth at the study site since the early 1950s, while summer heat played a secondary obstructive role documented by the significant negative correlation. A 30-years running window correlation was used to identify whether the climate-growth connections changed due to the unfavorable climatic trends. The results indicated no evidence of a distinct decline in radial increment, however, a significant increase in climatic impact on growth has been detected including probable changes and shifts in the vegetation period.
A total of 47 localities of Baeothryon alpinum, hosting population of more than 100 000 shoots, were recorded in the lowland part of Poland during field surveys in the years 2003-2009. Among them were 25 populations discovered for the first time. Out of 57 sites of the species known from literature and unpublished (including herbarium) sources, 35 were not confirmed during the survey, 27 of them being definitely extinct. B. alpinum shows a clear pattern of distribution in Poland, with three main areas of occurrence: 1) the north-easternmost Poland (Lithuanian Lake District with the adjacent parts of the Masurian Lake District and the upper Biebrza river valley in North Podlasie Lowlands), which is part of the species boreal main range; 2) scattered localities in north-western Poland; 3) mountain mires at higher altitudes in the Sudetes and Tatra mountains and the adjacent part of southern Poland. The main aggregation of localities is found in Augustów Forest (including the Sejny Lakeland and Wigry National Park), and in the Góry Sudawskie region with adjacent areas. The biggest Polish population in the "Kobyla Biel" fen near Augustów consisted of several dozens of thousands of shoots. The Lithuanian Lake District is an area of general importance for the conservation of B. alpinum in Poland. The species is threatened, first of all, due to secondary succession (mires overgrowing with shrubs, trees and reed) and requires conservation measures as well as establishing nature reserves in places where it occurs. The degree that B. alpinum decreases in number is strikingly different in particular regions of Poland - it has lost most of its localities in north-western Poland and in Masurian Lake District, while in the Lithuanian Lake District and the upper Biebrza valley there are minor losses only. Depending on the region (from the west to the east and from the south-west to the north-east), the species should be given extinct or critically endangered (regions of north-western and southern Poland), endangered (Masurian Lake District), vulnerable (North Podlasie Lowlands) and near threatened (Lithuanian lake District) status. Although the disappearance of the populations beyond the species main range is a common phenomenon, the presented pattern is man-related and connected with differences in land management.
The paper presents ten new localities of Orobanche pallidiflora Wimm. & Grab. from Poland (Middle Roztocze, Równina Bełska plain, Wyżyna Malopolska upland, Góry Kaczawskie Mts and Western Bieszczady Mts). Information on hosts, abundance and habitat preferences at the new localities is given and a supplemented map of the distribution in Poland is included.
The first localities of Juncus bulbosus (Juncaceae) for South America (Chile) and for the whole south-western part of the world (S latitude and E longitude) are described, including precise geographical location and climatic conditions. General remarks on the invasiveness of the species and on the possibility of finding it in other parts of the world are given. The distribution of the species world-wide requires further studies, since the bulbous rush has become an invasive plant in areas where it did not occur before.
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