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The authors investigated carotenoids in selected body parts of pike before, during, and post-spawning period.
The aim of the present study was to verify the feasibility of using live Artemia salina nauplii embedded with fluorochromes for the mass marking of pike Esox lucius (L.) larvae. In the experiment, pike larvae 6 days post hatch were fed ad libitum with nauplii dyed with 600 ppm tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) or 200 ppm alizarin red S (ARS) for 3 or 6 days. The highest percentage of marked fish (100%) and the best quality of this marking was found in the groups fed A. salina stained with TC for either 3 or 6 days. In groups fed A. salina stained with ARS for 3 or 6 days exhibited a lower percentage of marked fish (ranging from 76.7–88.3%). No significant differences between experimental groups were noted regarding survival rate, final body weight and length of the reared pike larvae.
Background. The magnetic field is known to exert its influence on both adult and juvenile fishes, as well as the embryos. The effects are diversified and pertain to, practically all, life aspects of an individual. Another aspect of this issue can be the existing and still growing magnetic pollution of the natural environment. In view of the above we decided to study the embryonic motorics of fish, exemplified by pike, affected by constant- and alternating magnetic fields. Materials and Methods. Eggs of pike (Esox lucius L.) after period of adaptation (control) were subjected to 30-min action of the magnetic field (constant 4 mT and alternating 15 mT). The inflicted changes in the embryonic motorics were observed under a microscope and recorded on videotape. Results. The following aspects of the embryogenesis were affected: Quasi-peristalsis (increased angular velocity and the amplitude of ectoplasmic waves-at the stages of blastula end gastrula). Heart muscle action (in alternating field-short, small acceleration in the heartbeat is followed by a sudden rise of the number of contractions). Somatic motorics (no visible effect of neither constant- nor alternate field). Conclusion. Three different mechanism of the magnetic field are taken into consideration: a) directly on actomyosin structures in the quasi-peristalsis, b) on automatic centres of the developing heart, and c) on developing structures of the central nervous system (no effect presently observed).
The possibility of using sturgeon as a stock component during the rearing of pike (Esox lucius L.) fry in tanks was determined. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the first, pike fry with a body weight of 0.1 g were reared in monoculture and polyculture with a sturgeon component comprising 40 and 80% of the pike biomass. In the second phase, pike fry weighing an average of 3 g were reared in monoculture and polyculture with a sturgeon component comprising 10 and 20% of the pike biomass. The introduction of the sturgeon improved feed utilization and lowered feed conversion ratios from 1.4 to 0.8 in the older pike group (statistically significant difference at P < 0.05). In experiment stage II, the pike fry reared in polyculture with sturgeon attained statistically significant (P < 0.05) higher body growth in comparison with the monoculture variant. Pike survival was the lowest in the monoculture at 72.1 and 91.4% in stages I and II of the experiment, respectively. With regard to the smaller fry, this was due primarily to cannibalism with such losses comprising over 50% of the total losses throughout rearing. Survival in the polycultures was as much as 12% higher. The authors believe that the possibility of rearing these two species together stems from their different behavior and feeding strategy. Another benefit was that the labor-intensive removal of feed not consumed by the pike fry was lowered which meant that there was minimal interference in the tank during rearing.
The aim of this study was to determine the growth rates of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.), and pike, Esox lucius L., from the Tresna Reservoir. Back-calculations were used to determine fish age. Histological pictures were used to determine the spawning success of the two species compared. The study material was comprised of 18 pikeperch females and 13 males, and 20 pike females and 12 males. The growth rate of pikeperch from the Tresna Reservoir was higher in comparison to populations inhabiting other basins in Poland. The histological analyses of the gonads indicated that pikeperch spawned successfully in the reservoir. The growth rate of the pike in the reservoir was comparable to that of this species in other basins. However, the histological picture of the ovaries indicated that spawning was only partially successful since 25% of females did not spawn and their eggs were in a state of resorption.
The paper presents the analysis of relationships between variations in Fulton′s condition coefficient (K) and the exponent n in the length-weight (L-W) relationship. When n < 3, K was observed to decrease with fish size; a reverse was true when n > 3. On the other hand, the condition coefficient K′ (Bagenal and Tesch 1978) remained constant and not related to fish size, regardless of n. The two coefficients were used to study condition of the Lake Miedwie pike (85 individuals) and perch (316 individuals) and to determine relationships between condition on the one hand and the fish length, weight, water temperature, and feeding intensity on the other. Four mathematical functions (linear, power, log, and exponential) were applied to study the relationships in each species. In addition, relationships between condition and water temperature and feeding intensity were explored by means of multiple regression. Condition of the two species studied was found to be similar to that reported earlier from water bodies of the former USSR, Węgorzewo Lake District, and the River Odra estuary.
One hundred and twenty-six isolates of Yersinia ruckeri originating from different species of fish were collected: 122 from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; Walbaum), three from pike (Esox lucius L.), and one from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The O- serotyping of the isolates were carried out for the first time in Poland by microplate agglutination assays according to the Davies procedure. Three O-serotypes were determined: O1, O5, and O7. Serotypes O2 and O6 have not been recognised. Almost all isolates were represented by serotype O1, which originated only from rainbow trout showing classical clinical signs of enteric redmouth disease. The strains representing serotype O5 were only collected from pike and serotype O7 from carp and rainbow trout showing no clinical signs of the diseases.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact water temperature has on the growth and survival of juvenile northern pike, Esox lucius L., reared on formulated feed. The initial experimental material weighed 5.7 g and measured 8.8 cm in body length and was stocked into three recirculating systems (water temperature 20, 24, 28°C) and reared for 21 days. The highest final body weight was obtained by the fish reared at 28°C. Statistically significant differences were confirmed between these fish and those reared at a temperature of 20°C (P < 0.01), but no such differences were recorded with regard to the group of fish reared at 24°C (P > 0.05). At a temperature of 28°C, the survival of the fish was significantly higher at 98.7% (P < 0.05). A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was also confirmed in the feed conversion ratio (FCR) between the groups reared at water temperatures of 20 and 28°C at 0.61 ± 0.05 and 0.71 ± 0.04, respectively.
The correlation coefficients between fish size (body weight and total length) and the content of zinc, iron, copper, and manganese in muscles of perch, Perea fluviatilis L., and pike, Esox lucius L., were determined. The fish were caught in four lakes (Łańskie, Pluszne, Dłużek, Maróz) located in the Olsztyn Lake District (northeastern Poland) during 1999 - 2000. With the exception of copper in the perch from Lake Pluszne, in all cases the concentrations of zinc, copper, and manganese in muscle tissue decreased with perch body weight and total length. The content of iron in the muscles of perch from Lake Łańskie was correlated negatively with the size of these fish, but in other cases the levels of iron increased or remained constant. The zinc concentration in muscles of pike was correlated positively with the body weight and total length of these fish. A negative correlation between fish size and iron and manganese content was noted at all sites, except with regard to iron in pike from Lake Pluszne. There was a positive correlation between weight or length and copper concentration in pike from lakes Łańskie and Maróz. However, there was a negative correlation between size and copper content in the muscles of pike from lakes Pluszne and Dłużek. The relationship between the contents of selected metals was calculated.
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