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Professor Wanda Kisiel (1946–2018) in memoriam

100%
The antimicrobial activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Chrysophyllum albidum fruits was investigated against clinical isolates(Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans). Qualitative phytochemistry of the plant indicated that the plant contained Flavonoids, Steroids, Alkaloids, Tannin, Anthraquinone and Cardiac glycosides while Saponins were reported absent. The maximum activity of the aqueous extracts in the test isolates was observed on Staphylococcus aureus, which showed clear zones with diameters of 24.0mm, 20.0mm and 16.5mm at concentrations of 100mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively while it had low activity on Klebsiella pneumonia, with clear zones of inhibition of 15.0mm, 12.0mm and 10.5mm at same concentrations. On the other hand, Methanolic extracts activity on Staphylococcus aureus produced clear zones of 21.0mm, 17.5mm and 12.0mm at concentrations of 200mg/ml, 100mg/ml and 50mg/ml respectively as its best activity while the it had least observed activity on Klebsiella pneumonia with clear zones of 14.0mm, 11.5mm and 10.5mm at same concentrations. The aqueous extracts had greater activity than the methanolic extracts at same concentrations. Therefore, the fruit of the plant can be a good source of remedy in phytomedicine.
Plectranthus forskohlii (Willd). Briq. (Syn: Coleus forskohlii) is an important indigenous medicinal plant in India. It has been used in traditional Ayurveda medicine for curing various disorders and this is the only source of the diterpenoid forskolin. Forskolin is used for the treatment of eczema, asthma, psoriasis, cardiovascular disorders and hypertension, where decreased intracellular cAMP level is believed to be a major factor in the development of the disease process. A comprehensive account of the morphology, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, analytical methods and biotechnological approaches for forskolin production reported are included in view of the many recent findings of importance on this plant.
Nothapodytes nimmoniana (J. Graham) (Icacinaceae), commonly known as Amruta is found in India particularly in Maharashtra, Goa, Kerala, Assam, Jammu and Kashmir as well as Tamilnadu areas. It is an important medicinal plant, the major source of a potent alkaloid, namely camptothecin, of a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and also applied in the treatment of anaemia. Camptothecin is still not synthesized, therefore, its production entirely depends on natural sources. N. nimmoniana is one such plant which yields contain camptothecin in significantly high amount. The plant is gaining international recognition due to its diversified medicinal uses. It is subjected to excessive harvest. It has been categorized as a vulnerable and endangered plant. The present review encompasses the phytochemical, analytical, pharmacological, biotechnological, and other specific aspects of N. nimmoniana.
In this study, we sought to find and employ positive effects of UV-A irradiation on cultivation and quality of microgreens. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate the influence of 366, 390, and 402 nm UV-A LED wavelengths, supplemental for the basal solid-state lighting system at two UV-A irradiation levels on the growth and phytochemical contents of different microgreen plants. Depending on the species, supplemental UV-A irradiation can improve antioxidant proper­ties of microgreens. In many cases, a significant increase in the investigated phytochemicals was found under 366 and 390 nm UV-A wavelengths at the photon flux density (12.4 μmol m-2 s-1). The most pronounced effect of supplemental UV-A irradiation was detected in pak choi microgreens. Almost all supplemental UV-A irradiation treatments resulted in increased leaf area and fresh weight, in higher 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl free-radical scavenging activity, total phenols, anthocyanins, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol.
Introduction: Solanum sodomaeum L. has been observed to have several medicinal properties, in particular, in the treatment of several types of human skin cancer. Objective: The influence of the maturation stage of S. sodomaeum fruits on the total lipid contents, fatty acid profiles, essential oil yields and compositions, as well as the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the essential oils, was investigated. Methods: The fatty acid and essential oil constituents were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The antioxidant properties of essential oil and vegetal oil were assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and reducing power assays. The antibacterial ac-tivity of essential oil was tested using the disc diffusion assay for resistance in human pathogenic bacteria. Results: Mature fruits showed higher total lipid content (17%) and were characterised by polyunsaturated fatty acids (53.87%), represented mainly by linoleic acid (53.11%). Similar yields of essential oils were detected for immature (0.43%) and mature (0.45%) fruits. Tetrahydronaphthalene (41.79%) was detected as the major essential oil component at the immature stage versus dihydrocoumarin pentane (18.27%), hexadecanoic acid (17.43%) and 2-undecanone (13.20%) in mature fruits. The DPPH test showed that essential oils had better antioxidant properties; however, the vegetal oils showed better performance in the reducing power assay. Moreover, the essential oil of S. sodomaeum mature fruits was active against bacterial strains. Conclusions: S. sodomaeum fruits could be a valuable source of natural antioxidants and antibacterial agents.
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Tannin content in acorns (Quercus spp.) from Poland

72%
Oak acorns used to be an important human food, up until recent times. The major factor inhibiting their use in modern nutrition is their high tannin content. Polish oak trees were screened in order to find out whether there are any major geographical or interspecific differences in tannin and total phenolic contents in acorns, which might help us to establish further directions in the search for low-tannin individuals. We studied the level of phenolic compounds using the standard Polish and European Pharmacopoeia method, with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and hide powder. Altogether 49 acorn samples of Quercus robur, 13 of Q. petraea, 1 of Q. pubescens (all native) and 12 of Q. rubra (introduced) were collected in different regions of Poland. The amount of investigated phenolics in Q. robur and Q. petraea acorns was similar, and tannins constituted the main component. The Q. pubescens sample was distinguished by the lowest tannin and total phenolic content and a relatively high amount of non-tannin phenolics. Q. rubra had a slightly lower tannin content than Q. robur and Q. petraea acorns, but the level of other phenolics was much higher. The results for Q. robur suggest geographical variability of phenolic content as well as a relationship between the phytochemical and biometric parameters of oak acorns.
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Professor Bogdan Kedzia (1939–2020)

72%
W zielu rzepiku pozyskanym ze stanowisk naturalnych we wschodniej Polsce oznaczono ogólną zawartość garbników (10,08%), flawonoidów (0,33%) i fenolokwasów (2,26%). Przy użyciu chromatografii gazowej zidentyfikowano 12 kwasów fenolowych, wśród których dominował kwas p-hydroksybenzoesowy, obecny głównie w formie związanej. Głównymi składnikami frakcji wolnych kwasów fenolowych okazały się kwasy: protokatechowy i wa- nilinowy. Wyizolowano i określono - przy użyciu metod chemicznych i spektroskopowych (UV, 'H NMR, 13C NMR) - strukturę 5 związków flawonoidowych, nie znalezionych dotąd w zielu rzepiku pospolitego, to jest: 7-O-soforozydu luteoliny, 7-0-6"-acetyloglukozydu luteoliny, 7-O-glukozydu akacetyny, 7-O-glukozydu luteoliny i 7-O-glukozydu apigeniny.
Phellodendron amurense Rupr. (amur cork tree, Rutaceae), a strong tree, native to Eastern Asia, it is cultivated in Europe and America as a decorative plant. Phellodendri cortex con­tains alkaloids, limonoids, phenolic compounds and polysaccharides. It is used as antiinflammatory, antineuralgic and antidiabetic agent in stomach diseases in Far East Medicine. Air-dried fruits contain 1.9% of essential oil. Monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocar­bons were investigated. Hydrocarbon fractions were isolated by vacuum distillation and flash chromatography. Components of fractions were identified by GC, GC/MS, and 'H-NMR spectroscopy. Fifteen monoterpene hydrocarbons representing 72% of the oil with myrcene (67,3%) and nineteen sesquiterpene hydrocarbons representing 1 1% of the oil with ß-caryophyllene (7.0%) and germacrene D (1.6%), were identified.
Extracts of Rhodiola Kirilowii plant roots (several years old plant) were studied by HPLC methods. The aim of these studies was searching for active substances: salidroside, tyrosol, rosavin, cinnamyl alcohol and triandrine. In studied extracts mentioned above substances were not found. On chromatograms only one peak (Rt 8,9 min., maximal absorbance at X =220 nm) of notidentified substance was observed. Further investigations are in progress.
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