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Few studies have characterize the toxicological effects of exposure to pesticide mixtures. For this reason, the present study aimed to estimate the median lethal doses (LD50) of some new pesticide mixtures; chlorosan, feroban, cygron, engeo and kingbo on albino rats. The in vivo effect of these compounds on some biochemical targets were also investigated. The estimated median lethal doses (LD50) of chlorosan, feroban, engeo and cygron were 140.8, 264.0, 281.5 and 352.0 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), respectively. The estimated median lethal dose was more than 160.0 mg/kg b.w. in the case of kingbo. The symptoms of the affected animals included salivation, bleeding, activity increase and the chlorosan treated rats closed their eyes. Some animals died after doses of chlorosan, feroban and engeo administered at different intervals. The results showed a significant increase in the activities of plasma transaminases [Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT) and Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (GPT)] and glutathione S-transferase (GST). It was found that the tested pesticides significantly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity 1 h after the last dose. Also, there was a significant increase in creatinine and urea levels. The obtained data concluded that chlorosan was the most effective against albino rats followed by feroban and engeo, while kingbo was the least effective. By the end of the experiment, the enzyme activities and kidney functions of animals treated with chlorosan, feroban and engeo did not return to normal.
In years 1998-1999 effects of fungicides (azoxystrobin and copper hydroxide), insecticides (etafenproks and pirimicarb) and their mixtures on chemica1 composition and organ01eptic quality of fresh, fermented and pickled cucumbers were studied. To analyses fruits were taken after 7 and 12 days from treatment. Presh cucumber fruits after 7 days from treatment with investigated pesticides contained less carbohydrates and ascorbic acids and higher level 01' nitrates in compare to untreated fruits (control). After 12 days from treatment the differences between treated and untreated fruits dissapeared. Cucumber fruits harvested 7 and 12 days after treatment were processed separately. Quality evaluation 01' fermented and pick1ed cucumbers was carried out 4 months after processing. In most of cucumber fruits (7 days after treatment with pesticides) treated with pesticides empty cavities were found, and not in control (untreated). Number 01' cavities was highest in fresh and pickled cucumbers treated with mixture 01' fungicide and insecticide. In case of fermented cucumbers highest number of empty cavities occurred in fruits treated with fungicide azoxystrobin. Cucumber fruits taken to fermentation process 7 days after day of treatment had darker green colour lowered hardness, and larger empty cavities than untreated fruits. In fruits harvested 12 days after pesticides application such differencess were not observed.
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