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Monosaccharides in the water of the Gulf of Gdańsk

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The concentration of monosaccharides in samples collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk area was determined in water filtered through ∼0.8 μm pore size filters. Seawater concentrations ranged from about 0.2 to 1.1 mg C dm−3, the highest values being detected at the mouth of the river Vistula. Seasonality was detectable in the data distribution; the majority of autumn values lay within the 0.2–0.4 range while concentrations in the spring samples were higher and the values more widely scattered. Measurements of monosaccharide concentrations at selected points during the whole observation period showed that values increased from spring to autumn as much as 5-fold. Concomitant analyses in Vistula river water yielded concentrations from 0.4 to 1.2 mg C dm−3. These latter values were all higher than those recorded in seawater in the corresponding months.
A glycoprotein purified from the internal nuclear matrix of chicken liver nuclei has been identified, by partial sequencing and by Western blotting, as hsp108, which is a component of the hsp90 superfamily. This protein has been previously characterized as a protein which copurifies with the cytoplasmic progesterone receptor and as a transferrin-binding protein of the chicken oviduct cell membrane. We have found that hsp108 is present in the nuclear matrix even in the absence of a heat shock or of other noxious conditions. Some of the properties already described for its homologous proteins (endoplasmin, grp94, hsp100) might explain its function at the nuclear matrix level. Hsp108 isolated from the liver nuclear matrix has a carbohydrate composition significantly different from that of the protein of the oviduct cell membrane.
In the reported research, the reaction of glucose esterification with oleic acid was run with the use of a commercial preparation of lipase originated from Candida Antarctica yeast – Novozymes 435 – as a catalyst. Selected properties of the resultant ester were investigated in comparison with properties of glucose and its complex with oleic acid. Results obtained were compared with properties of a commercial preparation of saccharose stearate, a pure disaccharide and the obtained complex of saccharose with stearic acid. A biotechnological method was used to synthesize glucose oleinate with a degree of substitution reaching DS=0.35. The synthesis proceeded at a low temperature (60°C) at atmospheric pressure without using solvents toxic to humans. Simultaneously, a similar reaction was carried out without the use of enzyme, which enabled obtaining a complex of glucose with fatty acid. The achieved reaction products were characterised by properties different from those of a pure substrate – glucose. In addition, the character of those changes was similar as in the case of saccharose and its fatty derivatives. The ester of glucose and that of saccharose were characterised by lower heats of phase transitions than pure saccharides and their complexes with lipids. The complex of glucose with oleic acid showed high heat of phase transition and high temperature of phase transition as compared to pure glucose and its ester. Saccharose stearate reached lower values of the heat of phase transition and temperature of phase transition in respect of a pure disaccharide and its mixture with stearic acid. Solubility of glucose oleinate, in contrast to that of the other substances examined, did not increase along with increasing temperature.
The present study was undertaken to test the influence of exogenous applied jasmonic acid upon the growth and changes in some metabo-ites levels in the cells of green alga Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck (Chlorophyceae). It was found, that JA in algal cells acted in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with JA at high concentrations range of 10⁻⁵-10⁻⁴ M, resulted in the decrease in cell number and reduction of major photosynthetic pigments, monosaccharides, soluble cellular and extracellular proteins levels as well as decrease in pH of the medium. In contrast to 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁴ M JA, this phytohormone applied at 10⁻⁸-10⁻⁶ M induced the increase in cell number, photosynthetic pigments and monosaccharides contents, significant accumulation and extracellular secretion of soluble proteins over control and neutralization of the medium. Quantitative changes in polypeptide pattern of total cellular proteins after treatment with the optimal concentration of 10⁻⁷ M JA on the 7th day of cultivation as analyzed by SDS-PAGE, was also observed. JA induced synthesis de novo of15 specific polypeptides with molecular weight 334-16 kDa which weren’t detected in the control. The data suggest that JA plays a important role in algal growth and development.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on the adherence of 28 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which were isolated from humans, different animals and environment to human buccal epithelial cells (BECs). Two reference strains - NCTC 6749 and ATCC 27853 were also examined. Incubation of cells with the enzyme significantly increased bacterial adherence (a mean number of bacteria adhering to cells amounted 19.62 ±9.20, for controls - 7.54 ±5.86). The reference strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the following adherence: NCTC 6749-43.04 (control 20.83) and ATCC 27853-22.21 (control 5.51). This study demonstrates that asialogangliosides function as receptors on buccal epithelial cells for P. aeruginosa strains. Monosaccharides inhibition studies showed an inhibition of adhesion of P. aeruginosa (two reference strains - NCTC 6749 and ATCC 27853, two hospital strains - 80/85 and 351) to normal BECs in the presence of N-acetylneuraminic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. D-galactose is the best inhibitor of bacterial adhesion to neuraminized BECs. All monosaccharides used had a significant effect on P. aeruginosa adherence to trypsinized BECs. These data suggest a difference in the receptors on the three types of BECs.
The objective of our study was to determine changes in protein and monosaccharide content in select grass species due to an application of the kelp species Ecklonia maxima extract. The field experiment was arranged as a randomized sub-block design (split-split-plot) with three replicates. The following factors were examined: growth stimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL, which was either applied at the rate of 2,000 dm3·ha-1 or not applied, pure-sown grass species, and cultivars (Dactylis glomerata, cv. Amila and Tukan; Festulolium braunii, cv. Felopa and Agula). Protein compounds and monosaccharides were determined in the dry matter of the tested grasses. The biostimulant Kelpak significantly increased both protein compounds and monosaccharides as well as the carbohydrate-protein ratio in the plants. The grass species and their cultivars had different levels of protein compounds and carbohydrates.
The influence of y-irradiation on D- and L-glucose, D- and L-galactose, D- and L-mannose was examined in the solid polycrystalline state. Hydrogen was the principal gas product of radiolysis of hexoses. Radiation yield (G) of H2 changed from 2.2 for galactose to 3.2 (1/100 eV) for glucose and mannose. The ESR spectra of radicals formed in irradiated hexoses were similar and indicated the presence of secondary radical mixture. Integral G-value of radicals decreased with dose. Process of radical disappearance could be described with equations of polychronic kinetics. Radiation stability of galactose was one and a half times higher, than radiation stability of glucose and mannose. This fact rationalised essential contribution of the C4-H bond breaking process in formation of radical products and H2. Radiation stability of D- and L-isomers of monosaccharides under non-polarised irradiation was identical. Radicals formed in irradiated monosaccharides lived at room temperatures for several months and it should be taken into account on application of radiation-sterilized pills.
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